Rethinking Heritage for Sustainable Development

Abstract

List of figures and tables vi List of acronyms and initialisms viii Acknowledgements x 1 Introduction 1 2 International approaches from 1970 to the turn of the millennium 24 3 International approaches from 2000 onwards 55 4 Project design and management 80 5 Poverty reduction: local economic growth, tourism development and capacity building 6 Gender equality and the empowerment of women 7 Environmental sustainability Conclusions and recommendations: is another world possible? References Index vi List of figures and tables 1.1 Map of Mozambique with the locations of the activities. Original map courtesy of www.freevectormaps.com, revised by Francesca Giliberto. 1.2 Map of Senegal with the locations of the activities. Original map courtesy of www.freevectormaps.com, revised by Francesca Giliberto. 1.3 Map of Namibia with the locations of the activities. Original map courtesy of www.freevectormaps.com, revised by Francesca Giliberto. 1.4 Map of Ethiopia with the locations of the activities. Original map courtesy of www.freevectormaps.com, revised by Francesca Giliberto. 5.1 Hut for artists and artisans, community village of Bandafassi (November 2019).

The World Heritage Convention at 50: management, credibility and sustainable development

“…Whilst these trends are not new (as explained for instance by Buckley, 2014: 38-52 andMeskell et al, 2015: 429) and whilst UNESCO at large has regularly been described as a 'politicised' organisation (e.g. Lyons, Baldwin and McNemar, 1977;Labadi 2022), they have increased over the past ten years, to the point where most of the Advisory Bodies recommendations for referral, deferral, and non-inscription are now overturned. Overturning the recommendations of the Advisory Bodies by the Committee has become the norm.…”

“…An interesting example is the case of the Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula and Bedik Cultural Landscapes in Senegal, inscribed under criterion (iii), (v), and (vi) to acknowledge the agro-pastoral, social, ritual, and spiritual practices of the Bassari, Bedik, and Fula people and how they have provided outstanding and original responses to natural environmental constraints and anthropic pressures. The inscription of this property has been part of wider and more ambitious plans for heritage conservation, and for sustainable and community development (see Labadi, 2022). At the heart of these plans and of the World Heritage site, a community village was built for poverty reduction through the provision of accommodation and crafts for tourists; the enhancement of food security through a community garden; and the empowerment of women through their participation in all the planned activities.…”

“…The meaning of this term has changed over time from a static understanding focused on design, material, workmanship, and setting to the more dynamic definition found in the Nara Document. Despite the official inclusion of more dynamic understandings of authenticity and the direct references to the Nara Document in the Operational Guidelines since 2005, nomination dossiers still tend to present the authenticity of properties as static, unchanging, and frozen in time (see Labadi, 2022;and Labadi, 2013 for longer trends). One reason for this is that heritage must be considered 'authentic' (that is, in its 'original' design, materials, workmanship, and setting) if it is to have any value..…”

A dilemma of World Heritage ideals and challenges in Southeast Asia

“…18 In the process, individual sites began to be registered as national monuments. 19 An initial registration of the Sukhothai monuments was carried out in 1935 when 39 monumental complexes were officially classified as "protected monuments," and the list was later extended to include other 12 Logan and Larsen 2018, 3-20;Labadi et al 2021. 13 Labadi et al 2021 UNESCO 2015, 6.…”

“…No local residents were 1 Cf. Harrison and Hitchcock 2005;Silverman and Ruggles 2007;White and Carman 2007;Labadi and Long 2010;Court and Wijesuriya 2015;Brumann and Berliner 2016;King 2016;Larsen and Logan 2018;Meskell 2018;Labadi et al 2021;. 2 Pichard 1980UNESCO 1993, 21;Hashizume, Kanda, and Shimizu 2006, 84-85;Bloembergen and Eickhoff 2015, 87, 106-7;2020, 235, 250, 252;Falser 2015, 332;Meskell 2018, 65, 112. 3 Ang, Prenowitz, and Thompson (1996) forced out or had strict building regulations imposed on them.…”