Abstract:Research and policies on child and adolescent sexual exploitation frequently focus on the sexual exploitation of girls and fail to recognize the experiences of sexually exploited boys, including their potentially unique health care and social support needs. This oversight limits the ability of health care and social service providers to offer both targeted and evidence informed care to sexually exploited boys. As a first step in a larger grant to understand the experiences of sexually exploited boys and to dev… Show more
“…The studies confirmed earlier research indicating that boys are an important part of adolescents selling sex, which is often in opposition to the general awareness within society (Kaestle, 2012;McNeal & Walker, 2016;Mossige et al, 2007;Moynihan et al, 2018;Pedersen & Hegna, 2003;Svedin & Priebe, 2007). Further, Study II might help us to understand the gender bias that has been seen in the existing literature regarding adolescents selling sex, where boys are seldom seen in clinical samples (Mitchell et al, 2017;Moynihan et al, 2018). Study II found that there is a difference between boys and girls concerning selfreported motives for selling sex.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 80%
“…However, there are currently few studies concerning male adolescents selling sex, giving a strong female bias in the literature investigating adolescents selling sex (Mitchell et al, 2017).…”
Participants 23 Procedure 24 Studies I-III 24 Study IV 24 Measures 26 Studies I-III 26 Study IV 30 Data analysis 31 Ethical considerations 33 Funding for the studies 34 RESULTS OF THE EMPIRICAL STUDIES 35 Studies I-II -Adolescents selling sex 35 Studies III-IV -Sex as self-injury 37 GENERAL DISCUSSION 41 Summary and strengths -Adolescents selling sex 41 Summary and strengths -Sex as self-injury 44 Methodological considerations and limitations 46 Clinical implications 50 Future directions 53 CONCLUSIONS 55 SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA 57 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN SWEDISH 59 REFERENCES 61 APPENDIX: Questionnaire used for Study IV 75 Abstract 1
AbstractThere are today only a few population-based studies in the world investigating the prevalence of and associated risk-factors with adolescents selling sex and so far no earlier populationbased study has been found investigating adolescents motives for selling sex. Further, to use sex in means of self-injury (SASI) is a behaviour that has been highlighted in Sweden the last years but it is a new field of research and a behaviour in need of conceptualizationThe aim of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence of, associated risk factors with, motives for and manifestations of adolescents selling sex and the use of sex as self-injury (SASI). For the thesis, two nationally representative cross-sectional population surveys with third year students at Swedish high schools were collected in 2009 (n = 3498, mean age 18.3 +/-0.6 years, response rate 60.4%) and in 2014 (n = 5839, mean age 18.0 +/-0.6 years, response rate 59.7%). Further, the motives and manifestations of SASI were investigated in an anonymous self-selected, open-ended questionnaire published on websites of nongovernmental organizations offering help and support to women and adolescents (n = 199, mean age 27.9 +/-9.3 years). Quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data analyses.In the 2009 population-based survey, 1.5% (n = 51) of the adolescents reported having sold sex on at least one occasion, but in 2014 the prevalence was slightly lower at 0.9% (n = 51). SASI was reported by 3.2% of girls (n = 100) and 0.8% of boys (n = 20). Both selling sex and SASI were associated with various adverse factors such as experience of sexual abuse, emotional and physical abuse, poor mental health and self-injury. Adolescents selling sex had sought help and support for different problems and worries to a greater extent compared to peers. Contact with healthcare for various psychiatric problems such as suicide attempts, depression and eating disorders was common for adolescents using SASI. Further analysis showed that adolescents selling sex are a heterogeneous group in regard to underlying motives for selling sex, which included emotional and material reasons as well as pleasure.Depending on their underlying motives, adolescents selling sex were found to differ in regard Abstract 2 to compensation received, age of the buyer, means of contact with the buyer, sexual orientation, experience of sexual abuse and the use of SAS...
“…The studies confirmed earlier research indicating that boys are an important part of adolescents selling sex, which is often in opposition to the general awareness within society (Kaestle, 2012;McNeal & Walker, 2016;Mossige et al, 2007;Moynihan et al, 2018;Pedersen & Hegna, 2003;Svedin & Priebe, 2007). Further, Study II might help us to understand the gender bias that has been seen in the existing literature regarding adolescents selling sex, where boys are seldom seen in clinical samples (Mitchell et al, 2017;Moynihan et al, 2018). Study II found that there is a difference between boys and girls concerning selfreported motives for selling sex.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 80%
“…However, there are currently few studies concerning male adolescents selling sex, giving a strong female bias in the literature investigating adolescents selling sex (Mitchell et al, 2017).…”
Participants 23 Procedure 24 Studies I-III 24 Study IV 24 Measures 26 Studies I-III 26 Study IV 30 Data analysis 31 Ethical considerations 33 Funding for the studies 34 RESULTS OF THE EMPIRICAL STUDIES 35 Studies I-II -Adolescents selling sex 35 Studies III-IV -Sex as self-injury 37 GENERAL DISCUSSION 41 Summary and strengths -Adolescents selling sex 41 Summary and strengths -Sex as self-injury 44 Methodological considerations and limitations 46 Clinical implications 50 Future directions 53 CONCLUSIONS 55 SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA 57 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN SWEDISH 59 REFERENCES 61 APPENDIX: Questionnaire used for Study IV 75 Abstract 1
AbstractThere are today only a few population-based studies in the world investigating the prevalence of and associated risk-factors with adolescents selling sex and so far no earlier populationbased study has been found investigating adolescents motives for selling sex. Further, to use sex in means of self-injury (SASI) is a behaviour that has been highlighted in Sweden the last years but it is a new field of research and a behaviour in need of conceptualizationThe aim of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence of, associated risk factors with, motives for and manifestations of adolescents selling sex and the use of sex as self-injury (SASI). For the thesis, two nationally representative cross-sectional population surveys with third year students at Swedish high schools were collected in 2009 (n = 3498, mean age 18.3 +/-0.6 years, response rate 60.4%) and in 2014 (n = 5839, mean age 18.0 +/-0.6 years, response rate 59.7%). Further, the motives and manifestations of SASI were investigated in an anonymous self-selected, open-ended questionnaire published on websites of nongovernmental organizations offering help and support to women and adolescents (n = 199, mean age 27.9 +/-9.3 years). Quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data analyses.In the 2009 population-based survey, 1.5% (n = 51) of the adolescents reported having sold sex on at least one occasion, but in 2014 the prevalence was slightly lower at 0.9% (n = 51). SASI was reported by 3.2% of girls (n = 100) and 0.8% of boys (n = 20). Both selling sex and SASI were associated with various adverse factors such as experience of sexual abuse, emotional and physical abuse, poor mental health and self-injury. Adolescents selling sex had sought help and support for different problems and worries to a greater extent compared to peers. Contact with healthcare for various psychiatric problems such as suicide attempts, depression and eating disorders was common for adolescents using SASI. Further analysis showed that adolescents selling sex are a heterogeneous group in regard to underlying motives for selling sex, which included emotional and material reasons as well as pleasure.Depending on their underlying motives, adolescents selling sex were found to differ in regard Abstract 2 to compensation received, age of the buyer, means of contact with the buyer, sexual orientation, experience of sexual abuse and the use of SAS...
“…While conducting a previous systematic review of sexually exploited boys (Mitchell et al, 2017), we found including the MeSH term "child sexual abuse" generated thousands of results not relevant to child and adolescent sexual exploitation, such as nonspecific abuse and incest. Thus, we piloted database searches that both included and excluded the MeSH term "child sexual abuse."…”
Sexual exploitation of children and adolescents is a pressing, yet largely under-recognized form of child abuse. The goals of this review were to identify interventions that have been implemented with sexually exploited children and adolescents and to better understand their effectiveness for fostering healing with this population. Our systematic search generated 4,358 publications of which 21 met our inclusion criteria. Based on their objectives and delivery, we organized the interventions into five categories: (a) focused health and/or social services, (b) intensive case management models, (c) psychoeducational therapy groups, (d) residential programs, and (e) other. Most programs were gender-specific, targeting girls and young women with just one being for boys and young men only. Studies reported on a range of outcomes including psychosocial outcomes, risky behaviors, trauma responses, mental health, protective factors, and public health outcomes. Despite differences in delivery, most of the interventions did, to some degree, appear to foster healing among sexually exploited children and adolescents. Findings from this review have implications for researchers, policy and program developers, and frontline practitioners who, through partnerships with one another, can advocate for the creation of evidence-informed, purpose-built, and thoughtfully delivered interventions.
“…(Beckett et al ., , p. 7)This definition has been chosen because it highlights that CSE is one form of child sexual abuse among others, like intra‐familial child sexual abuse and harmful sexual behaviour carried out by children against other children. However, it is important to note that definitions of CSE are contested and different jurisdictions may use terminology associated with human trafficking rather than with child sexual abuse, which may result in inconsistent policy and practice responses to the problem (Brayley and Cockbain, ; Mitchell et al ., ).…”
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a problem for children and young people living in outof-home care (looked after children). As part of a broader action research project aiming to prevent both harmful sexual behaviour carried out by children and young people and CSE in out-of-home care, four focus groups were undertaken with 17 workers at three Victorian residential houses in 2017. The findings reported in this paper were generated through the research question: What do workers perceive as the key challenges in caring for children and young people vulnerable to CSE in out-of-home care? Three major themes were identified: (i) children and young people going missing from home; (ii) children and young people not identifying as victims; and (iii) frontline police response unhelpful when children and young people missing. The design of prevention and response strategies to combat CSE must take into account the challenges identified by workers to ensure the best possible sexual abuse prevention outcomes for children and young people living in residential care.
KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGES:• Children and young people need to be educated about the tactics used by perpetrators so that they can recognise if they are being groomed or exploited. • Residential staff need to be upskilled about how to respond to children and young people at the point that they are leaving the house for the purpose of CSE. • Workers need to be empowered to make decisions about the day-to-day welfare of the children and young people in their care. • Multiagency collaboration is vital in preventing and responding to CSE, and efforts should be upscaled across all local government areas.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
