“…In the south, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu were connected to a single unit. Although the deep Tsushima and Korean straits separating them from Korea were not completely closed during the last glaciation, they may have not been too wide to prevent seed dispersal via birds, water, or wind (see, e.g., Yamaji et al, 2007). Indeed, these connections are reflected in our data; populations from southern and central Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Korea are genetically very similar.…”