“…In automated detection of ophthalmic diseases, retinal blood vessels are typically segmented and eliminated in the pre-processing stage [1] so that it does not interfere with pathologies. Blood vessels are considered more reliable than other features when it comes to registering retinal images collected from different viewpoints or at different sites [2][3][4][5][6]. Retinal vessel segmentation and delineation of morphological attributes of retinal blood vessels, such as length, width, tortuosity and/or branching pattern and angles are utilized for diagnosis, screening, treatment and evaluation of various cardiovascular and ophthalmologic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and choroidal neovascularization [7].…”