Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Normal Human Eyes

Varma, Rohit; Skaf, M.; Barrón, Ernesto

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(96)30381-3

Cited by 198 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

129

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A histologic study in monkey eyes demonstrated this, 15 although a human histologic study failed to find a relationship between optic disc size and RNFL thickness. 22 A second hypothesis is that eyes have the same number of axons regardless of disc size but that the fixed circular scan of the peripapillary RNFL measurements performed with Stratus OCT somehow produces a thicker measurement. Indeed, in larger discs the OCT measurement is made closer to the optic disc margin, where axons may be sampled as they are at a different incident plane to the scanning beam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Normal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Stratus OCT

et al. 2007

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose-To determine the effects of age, optic disc area, ethnicity, eye, gender, and axial length on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the normal human eye as measured by Stratus OCT (optical coherence tomography).Design-Cross-sectional observational study.Participants-Three hundred twenty-eight normal subjects 18 to 85 years old. Methods-PeripapillaryFast RNFL scans performed by Stratus OCT with a nominal diameter of 3.46 mm centered on the optic disc were performed on one randomly selected eye of each subject.Main Outcome Measures-Linear regression analysis of the effects of age, ethnicity, gender, eye, axial length, and optic disc area on peripapillary RNFL thickness.Results-The mean RNFL thickness for the entire population was 100.1 μm (standard deviation, 11.6). Thinner RNFL measurements were associated with older age (P<0.001); being Caucasian, versus being either Hispanic or Asian (P = 0.006); greater axial length (P<0.001); or smaller optic disc area (P = 0.010). For every decade of increased age, mean RNFL thickness measured thinner by approximately 2.0 μm (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.8). For every 1-mm-greater axial length, mean RNFL thickness measured thinner by approximately 2.2 μm (95% CI, 1.1-3.4). For every increase in square millimeter of optic disc area, mean RNFL thickness increased by approximately 3.3 μm (95% CI, 0.6-5.6). Comparisons between ethnic groups revealed that Caucasians had mean RNFL values (98.1±10.9 μm) slightly thinner than those of Hispanics (103.7±11.6 μm; P = 0.022) or Asians (105.8±9.2 μm; P = 0.043). There was no relationship between RNFL thickness and eye or gender.Correspondence to Donald L. Budenz, MD, MPH, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136. dbudenz@med.miami.edu. Dr Schuman is currently at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Dr Schuman is a co-patent holder of the optical coherence tomography technology. Dr Patella is an employee of Carl Zeiss Meditec. Dr Quigley is a consultant for Carl Zeiss Meditec. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptOphthalmology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 August 5. Conclusions-Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, as measured by Stratus OCT, varies significantly with age, ethnicity, axial length, and optic disc area. These variables may need to be taken into account when evaluating patients for diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma, particularly at the lower boundary of the normal range. Due to the relatively small numbers of subjects of Asian and African descent in the normative database, conclusions regarding the effect of ethnicity should be interpreted with caution.Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy associated with accelerated apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that manifests as increased cupping of the optic disc and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). The diagnosis of glaucoma is currently based on the appearance of the optic disc, RNFL, and standard achromatic perimetry. 1 The optic disc is ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Normal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Stratus OCT

et al. 2007

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar to our results, observations between these two retinal areas that reached statistical significance, however, were described in works by Varma 32 and later reports by Schuman 23 and are also supported by histologic data. 33 We emphasize that there is a scarcity of published work on normal RNFL thickness using third-generation OCT. Because of its improved resolution, the anterior and posterior borders of RNFL are apt to be better defined. This is likely to have an effect on the normal database.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective analysis of retinal damage in HIV-positive patients in the HAART era using OCT

Kozák

Bartsch

Cheng

et al. 2005

American Journal of Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE-To assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease without cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV). DESIGN-A case-control study.METHODS-The study included 113 eyes of 65 patients in one center. Thickness of RNFL along a 3.4-mm-diameter circle centered on the optic nerve head was evaluated using third-generation optical coherence tomography. Patients in group A (39 eyes of 22 patients) were human immunodeficiency virus-negative control subjects. Group B (36 eyes of 18 patients) was composed of HIV patients with no history of CMV retinitis and CD4 counts consistently above 100. Group C (38 eyes of 25 patients) comprised HIV patients with no history of CMV retinitis but a history of CD4 count less than 100 at some point lasting for at least 6 months. RESULTS-The average RNFL thicknesses in groups A, B, and C were 103.33 ± 8.50 μm, 103.30 ± 9.28 μm, and 90.10 ± 12.50 μm, respectively. Group C had significantly thinner overall RNFL than either of the groups A and B (Tukey-Kramer). This difference was most prominent in temporal, superior, and inferior retinal areas. No difference was in nasal retinal area, nor between groups A and B in any of the areas.

show abstract

“…The difficulty in imaging at 20-251 NR is attributed to the relatively thick nerve fiber layer at this area. 37 Cone and rod densities as a function of retinal eccentricity for all five subjects are shown in Figure 2a and b, respectively. The symbols denote individual subject data with the solid black line indicating the mean.…”

Section: Distribution Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in rod and cone density from the fovea to the mid-periphery in healthy human retinas using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Wells-Gray

Choi

Bries

et al. 2016

Eye

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To characterize the rod and cone photoreceptor mosaic at retinal locations spanning the central 60°in vivo using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) in healthy human eyes. Methods AO-SLO images (0.7 × 0.9°) were acquired at 680 nm from 14 locations from 30°nasal retina (NR) to 30°temporal retina (TR) in 5 subjects. Registered averaged images were used to measure rod and cone density and spacing within 60 × 60 μm regions of interest. Voronoi analysis was performed to examine packing geometry at all locations. Results Average peak cone density near the fovea was 164 000 ± 24 000 cones/mm 2 and decreased to 6700 ± 1500 and 5400 ± 700 cones/mm 2 at 30°NR and 30°TR, respectively. Cone-to-cone spacing increased from 2.7 ± 0.2 μm at the fovea to 14.6 ± 1.4 μm at 30°NR and 16.3 ± 0.7 μm at 30°TR. Rod density peaked at 25°NR (124 000 ± 20 000 rods/mm 2 ) and 20°TR (120 000 ± 12 000 rods/mm 2 ) and decreased at higher eccentricities. Center-to-center rod spacing was lowest nasally at 25°(2.1 ± 0.1 μm). Temporally, rod spacing was lowest at 20°(2.2 ± 0.1 μm) before increasing to 2.3 ± 0.1 μm at 30°TR. Conclusions Both rod and cone densities showed good agreement with histology and prior AO-SLO studies. The results demonstrate the ability to image at higher retinal eccentricities than reported previously. This has clinical importance in diseases that initially affect the peripheral retina such as retinitis pigmentosa.

show abstract

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Normal Human Eyes

Cited by 198 publications

References 21 publications

Determinants of Normal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Stratus OCT

Determinants of Normal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Stratus OCT

Objective analysis of retinal damage in HIV-positive patients in the HAART era using OCT

Variation in rod and cone density from the fovea to the mid-periphery in healthy human retinas using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About