Retinal on-bipolar cells contain a nitric oxide-sensitive guanylate cyclase

Shiells, Richard; Falk, G.

doi:10.1097/00001756-199210000-00006

Cited by 103 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…On bipolar cells express a NO-activated guanylyl cyclase (Ahmad and Barnstable, 1993;Haberecht et al, 1998;Spreca et al, 1999), and stimulation with NO upregulates cGMP levels in On bipolar cells (Koistinaho et al, 1993;Gotzes et al, 1998;Baldridge and Fischer, 2001). Similar to findings by Shiells and Falk (1992), we observed potentiation of sim-flash responses by SNAP, consistent with the idea that NO analogs trigger sufficient production of cGMP to stimulate cGK. Furthermore, we found this potentiation to be readily reversible, suggesting that On bipolar cells contain an endogenous PDE capable of restricting the duration of the signal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Most studies involving cGMP modulation of On bipolar cell responses have used exogenous cGMP, although modulation of dogfish On bipolar cell responses by nitroprusside has been reported previously (Shiells and Falk, 1992). On bipolar cells express a nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive form of guanylyl cyclase (Ahmad and Barnstable, 1993;Haberecht et al, 1998;Spreca et al, 1999), and there is evidence that NO, acting as a messenger molecule in the retina (Goldstein et al, 1996;Cudeiro and Rivadulla, 1999), can increase cGMP levels in On bipolar cells (Gotzes et al, 1998;Baldridge and Fischer, 2001).…”

Section: Activation Of Endogenous Guanylyl Cyclase By Snap Potentiatementioning

confidence: 99%

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cGMP-Dependent Kinase Regulates Response Sensitivity of the Mouse On Bipolar Cell

Snellman¹,

Nawy²

2004

J. Neurosci.

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The visual system can adjust its sensitivity over a wide range of light intensities. Photoreceptors account for some of this adjustment, but there is evidence that postreceptoral processes also exist. To investigate the latter, we pharmacologically mimicked the effects of light stimulation on mouse On bipolar cells, thus avoiding confounding effects of receptoral mechanisms. Here, we report that cGMP selectively enhances responses to dim, but not bright, stimuli through a purely postsynaptic mechanism. This action of cGMP was completely blocked by inhibitors of cGMP-dependent kinase. We propose that cGMP-dependent kinase decreases coupling of the On bipolar cell glutamate receptor to the downstream cascade, thus amplifying small decreases in photoreceptor transmitter levels that would otherwise go undetected by the visual system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Activation Of Endogenous Guanylyl Cyclase By Snap Potentiatementioning

confidence: 99%

cGMP-Dependent Kinase Regulates Response Sensitivity of the Mouse On Bipolar Cell

Snellman¹,

Nawy²

2004

J. Neurosci.

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“…Furthermore, there is strong evidence for up-regulation of cGMP levels in ON bipolar cells in response to NO stimulation (Koistinaho et al, 1993;Gotzes et al, 2000;Baldridge and Fischer, 2002). As mentioned earlier, studies in ON bipolar cells have shown that NO donors increase response amplitudes to light flashes in a way similar to that of cGMP (Shiells and Falk, 1992;Snellman and Nawy, 2004). ON bipolar cell responses potentiate in the presence of SNAP, an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase, suggesting that production of endogenous cGMP is sufficient for response amplification.…”

Section: Localization Of Cgmp and Nos In The Retinamentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In mouse retina, inhibitors of cGK completely reverse potentiation of the cation current by exogenous cGMP (Snellman and Nawy, 2004). Similarly, stimulation of endogenous cGMP production by application of the NO analog SNAP also potentiates mGluR6 responses, (Shiells and Falk, 1992;Snellman and Nawy, 2004), and this potentiation is blocked by cGK inhibitors (Snellman and Nawy, 2004).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Cgmp Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Regulation of ON bipolar cell activity

Snellman

Kaur

Shen

et al. 2008

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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Synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to all types of ON bipolar cells is primarily mediated by the mGluR6 receptor. This receptor, which is apparently expressed uniquely in the nervous system by ON bipolar cells, couples negatively to a nonselective cation channel. This arrangement results in a sign reversal at photoreceptor/ON bipolar cell synapse, which is necessary in order to establish parallel ON and OFF pathways in the retina. The synapse is an important target for 2 nd messenger molecules that are known to modulate synaptic transmission elsewhere in the nervous system, 2 nd messengers that act on a time scale ranging from milliseconds to minutes. This review focuses on two of these molecules, Ca 2+ and cGMP, summarizing our current knowledge of how they modulate gain at the photoreceptor/ON bipolar cell synapse, as well as their proposed sites of action within the mGluR6 cascade. The implications of plasticity at this synapse for retinal function will also be examined.

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“…There is also evidence from recent studies that NO is involved in several different processes in the vertebrate retina, for example it influences light responses of amphibian rods [4,5], it activates a soluble guanylyl cyclase and modulates a Ca 2+ channel and a voltage-independent conductance in inner segments of photoreceptors [6,7]. Effects of NO were also recorded on hemi-gap junction channels in horizontal cells [8], on cGMP-gated cation channels in retinal ganglion [9] and on-bipolar cells [10]. cGMP-independent effects of NO donors include the ADP-ribosylation of rod outer segment proteins [11,12] and modulation of endogenous dopamine release in the retina [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Purified retinal nitric oxide synthase enhances ADP‐ribosylation of rod outer segment proteins

Zoche

Koch

1995

FEBS Letters

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Nitric oxide synthase is present in different cell layers of vertebrate retina and seems to have neuromodulatory functions in the outer retina. The enzyme, when purified from a bovine retina extract, has an apparent molecular mass of 160 kDa and resembles the neuronal constitutive NOS type I with respect to CaZ+-calmodulin sensitivity, K m value and inhibition by analogues of L-arginine. Retinal NOS is present in a preparation of rod outer segments attached to parts of the inner segments, but not in pure outer segments. We describe the enhancement of specific ADP-ribosylation of outer segment proteins by purified retinal NOS.

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Retinal on-bipolar cells contain a nitric oxide-sensitive guanylate cyclase

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

cGMP-Dependent Kinase Regulates Response Sensitivity of the Mouse On Bipolar Cell

cGMP-Dependent Kinase Regulates Response Sensitivity of the Mouse On Bipolar Cell

Regulation of ON bipolar cell activity

Purified retinal nitric oxide synthase enhances ADP‐ribosylation of rod outer segment proteins

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