Retinoblastoma in Infancy with Subsequent Bladder Leiomyosarcoma in Adulthood: Genomic Considerations

Leiomyosarcoma of the bladder: A review and a report of four further cases

“…The clinical, radiological and endoscopic presentation is closely related to urothelial cancers and dominated by hematuria [ 2 , 3 , 6 ] although in advanced cases there may be a hypogastric mass as in our report [ 2 ] or there may be a mass pushing back the bladder wall with normal cystoscopy. Rodriguez et al [ 4 ] reports a case in which there was a posterolateral mass on imaging but cystoscopy showed an intact urothelium.…”

“…Incidence is higher among males and patients older than 60 years old [ [4] , [5] , [6] ]. Our results showed that all our patients were exclusively male, ranging from 35 to 73 years of age.…”

“…Late diagnosis may be possible with the discovery of locally advanced forms [ 4 ]. Localized forms seem to be more frequent [ 6 ]. The rate of metastatic disease at diagnosis is 2 % [ 3 ].…”

“…It was reported that 92.9 % of patients had surgical treatment: 41.2 % by trans-urethral bladder resection, 37.1 % by partial or total cystectomy. Fourteen patients (7.7 %) received radiotherapy [ 6 ]. All our patients had surgical treatment, 3 out of 4 patients had radical surgery by cystoprostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection.…”

Epstein–Barrvirus‐associated leiomyosarcoma of the larynx in an adult patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Case report and review of the literature

“…Predisposing factors of LMS include radiation exposure, surgery, 38 , 41 , 47 , 51 multiple basal cell carcinoma syndrome, 107 Gardner syndrome, 108 tuberous sclerosis, 109 neurofibromatosis, 110 retinoblastoma, 111 Turcot syndrome, 112 and EBV infection in immunosuppressed patients. 13 Most of the 60 patients with LLMS, however, had no past medical history.…”