Does musical irony lie in the score or the ear of the listener? In this fascinating study, Michael Cherlin allows room for both, though his main focus is necessarily the way in which irony is written into musical works. He explores this in repertoire, as the title suggests, from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century, and from opera and song through to chamber music and the symphony. Refreshingly clear and direct throughout, the book comes across as the product of a lifetime's close engagement with this music and a desire to share its richness, rather than a determination to set out any abstract historical or theoretical issue. At times, it's easy to imagine sitting in the seminar room and hearing the enthusiasm of the teacher as he unpicks the multiple layers of the music that so fascinates him. Theoretical opacity is avoided in preference for a kind of direct explanation that often has the non-expert in mind (opera plots are patiently explained, as are the expectations of sonata form, or the idea of Beethoven's late style as compared to the middle period).Ch. 1, 'Irony as a "Master Trope"', offers a short overview of the idea of irony in different historical traditions in order to establish a general framework. The idea of 'master tropes' looks back to Edmund Burke's reading of Giambattista Vico, before taking in more recent theorists such as Hayden White, Wayne Booth, Linda Hutcheon, and Harold Bloom. But this is all done with a light touch in order to draw out some common threads that might draw together ideas of irony from the ancient Greeks to contemporary culture.While the relatively brief first chapter draws mostly on literary discourse, the far more substantial Ch. 2 moves definitively to music to set out a typology of 'Varieties of Musical Irony'. The author proposes twelve of these, each of which is explored in a clear and methodical discussion which will no doubt be referenced often in future discussions of the topic. Straight-forward definitions of each 'variety' are followed by short examples drawn from a wide repertoire that includes a number of composers not discussed elsewhere in the book: in addition to plenty of references to Verdi and Mozart (Don Giovanni is a favourite hunting ground), there are passing mentions of Ives, Stravinsky, Puccini, Beethoven, Schoenberg, Crumb, Debussy, Offenbach, Ravel and Schubert.Nobody sets out twelve 'varieties of musical irony' without expecting others to question the division and offer an alternative one, but the proposed typology certainly makes a useful tool. Perhaps the most important question it provokes is whether an idea of irony as broad as the one elaborated here risks becoming too wide. If irony takes place wherever 'opposed perspectives meet' (p. 21) then