RETRACTED ARTICLE: Aberrant promoter methylation of the CHD1 gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of breast cancer: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Cadherin-1 (CHD1), as an invasion suppressor gene, could suppress tumor cell invasion and metastasis in various tumors, but reduced CHD1 levels, resulting from epigenetic silencing, are common in poorly differentiated, advanced stage carcinomas. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between promoter methylation of CHD1 and breast cancer. Relevant studies were retrieved from the Web of Science (1945 ~ 2013), the Cochrane Library (Issue 12, 2013), PubMed (1966 ~ 2013), EMBASE (1980 ~ 2013), CINAHL (1982 ~ 2013), and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982 ~ 2013) using a systematic literature search. Results were summarized by meta-analyses, conducted using the STATA software (version 12.0, Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were calculated. In the present meta-analysis, 9 cohort studies with a total of 425 patients with breast cancer were included. Our meta-analysis results demonstrated that the frequency of CHD1 promoter methylation in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues, adjacent tissues, and benign tissues (cancer tissue vs. normal tissue OR = 30.87, 95 % CI = 16.76 ~ 56.86, P < 0.001; cancer tissue vs. adjacent tissue OR = 23.30, 95 % CI = 12.85 ~ 42.26, P < 0.001; cancer tissue vs. benign tissue OR = 2.94, 95 % CI = 1.60 ~ 5.40, P < 0.001; respectively). Ethnicity-stratified analysis indicated that aberrant CHD1 promoter methylation was strongly correlated with breast cancer among both Asians and Caucasians in the majority of subgroups. Our results suggest that aberrant promoter methylation of the CHD1 gene may have a high frequency in breast cancer tissues. Thus, CHD1 methylation could be correlated with the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

MATN1‐AS1 promotes glioma progression by functioning as ceRNA of miR‐200b/c/429 to regulate CHD1 expression

“…In addition, CHD1 has been researched to have different effects on different cancers. For example, CHD1 is a tumour suppressor in prostate cancer and oesophageal cancer while it seems to exert as an oncogene in breast cancer . Interestingly, Rodrigues, LU, et al uncover that loss of CHD1 promotes aggressive prostate cancer ; however, Zhao, D., et al revealed that knockdown of CHD1 inhibits tumour growth of PTEN‐null prostate cancer .…”

“…For example, CHD1 is a tumour suppressor in prostate cancer and oesophageal cancer 33,34 while it seems to exert as an oncogene in breast cancer. 20,35 Interestingly, Rodrigues, LU, et al uncover that loss of CHD1 promotes aggressive prostate cancer 36 ; however, Zhao, D., et al revealed that knockdown of CHD1 inhibits tumour growth of PTEN-null prostate cancer. 37 In our study, CHD1 was demonstrated to be an oncogene in glioma and positively regulated by MATN1-AS1 but negatively regulated by miR-200b/c/429 in this disease.…”

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene A1166C polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility

“…However, not all exposed individuals develop lung and breast cancers, suggesting that genetic factors play a role in these conditions. A previous meta-analysis demonstrated that the cadherin-1 gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (Gu et al, 2014).…”