RETRACTED ARTICLE: Cental macular thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinical retinopathy

Demir, Mehmet; Oba, Ersin; Dirim, Burcu; Ozdal, Erhan; Can, Efe

doi:10.1186/1471-2415-13-11

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The T2DM patients exhibited no significant differences in the measures of retinal thickness or the GC-ILP complex, but these measures were decreased in the T1DM patients. Similar results have been reported in other studies [ 8 , 9 ], which have detected either thickening or thinning of the retina. The majority of these reports found that the retina becomes thinner when DR is present [ 9 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Diabetic macular morphology changes may occur in the early stage of diabetes

Chen

Yan

et al. 2016

BMC Ophthalmol

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to observe whether invisible morphological changes are presented in the two types of diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy.MethodsTwenty-six type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and 34 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) were recruited for this study. They underwent complete examinations that included stereoscopic color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The OCT patterns were used to measure the macular retinal thickness (RT), the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) complex thickness, the inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness, the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) using the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) patterns and the retinal fiber layer (RNFL) thickness around the optic disc. All results were compared to those of age- and sex-matched control groups.ResultsIn the patients with T1DM, the mean RT and GC-IPL complex thicknesses were significantly thinner than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The RNFL was found to be thinner at the 9 o’clock position around the optic disc in the patients compared with the control group. The SFCTs were similar in the controls and subjects. The INL and ONL were decreased in parts of the pericentral and peripheral areas in the T1DM patients (p < 0.05) and increased in the T2DM patients (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that in short-duration T1DM patients, the layers of the retina are affected and that the neural tissue has begun to be lost. As diabetes develops, neurodegeneration may cause vascular permeability, which causes thickening of the retinal layers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Diabetic macular morphology changes may occur in the early stage of diabetes

Chen

Yan

et al. 2016

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…Changes in retinal thickness caused by diabetes are not fully understood. Previous studies have found decreased retinal thickness in diabetes with minimal or no DR compared with retinal thickness in nondiabetic individuals [ 15 , 16 ]. In contrast, other researchers have observed a tendency towards increased retinal thicknesses in individuals with advanced DR [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Changes in Retinal Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes without Diabetic Retinopathy

Jiang

Liu

Chen

et al. 2018

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Objective To examine the changes in retinal thickness of patients with diabetes without DR. Designs A randomization, crossover, retrospective practice. Participants 43 diabetic patients and 43 ethnic-, age-, and sex-matched controls. Methods Full retinal thicknesses of ten areas were assessed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Confounding variables, such as age, gender, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level, were assessed by regression analysis. Main Outcome Measures Mean retinal thickness of ten areas. Results The mean thickness of the fovea was 215.8 ± 18.9 μm in the diabetes group and 222.0 ± 18.6 μm in the control group (p = 0.04). The mean thickness of the temporal parafovea was 319.9 ± 16.7 μm in the diabetes group and 326.0 ± 14.4 μm in the control group (p = 0.01). The mean thickness of the temporal perifovea was 276.4 ± 27.9 μm in the diabetes group and 284.8 ± 17.4 μm in the control group (p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in retinal thickness between groups in other areas (p > 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that decreased retinal thickness of the temporal perifovea was associated with a higher HbA1c level (>8.7%) (p = 0.04). Conclusion and Relevance Subtle structural changes in the retina may occur in diabetes without DR. Decreased retinal thickness appeared to begin in the fovea and temporal areas. A high HbA1c level was the main factor influencing retinal thickness.

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“…Previous studies have found decreased retinal thickness in diabetes with minimal or no DR compared with retinal thickness in non-diabetic individuals. 15,31,32 In contrast, other researchers have observed a tendency towards increased retinal thicknesses in individuals with advanced DR. 33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%