RETRACTED ARTICLE: Congestion control load balancing adaptive routing protocols for random waypoint model in mobile ad-hoc networks

Kumar, Jogendra; Singh, Annapurna; Bhadauria, H.S.

doi:10.1007/s12652-020-02059-y

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is observed that initially the end to end delay of ACOLBR is similar to AODV [4], DSDV [3] and DSR [36]. At simulation time 200s end to end delay of AODV [4] and DSR [36] is highly increased with compare to ACOLBR as it balance load in the network during packet transmission. The result also shows after simulation time 300s the end to end delayof AODV and DSR are abruptly decreasing.…”

Section: Performance Analysis and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The reason behind this ACOLBR requires some times for path setup and agent selection. After node speed 20m/second end to end delay of ACOLBR is decreasing and after node speed 30m/second end to end delay of AODV [4], DSDV [3] and DSR [36] are increasing abruptly compared to ACOLBR.…”

Section: Performance Analysis and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The throughput of MOAODV [41] is constant throughout the simulation. On the other hand overall performance of ACOLBR is better compared to AODV [4], DSDV [3], MOAODV [41] and DSR [36] due to the sequence of red and blue ant generation for balancing load in the network.…”

Section: Performance Analysis and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…6 performance metrics are End to End Delay and Pause Time. Initially the performance of ACOLBR is slightly degraded compared to AODV [4], DSDV [3] and DSR [36] due to agent selection and path set up. End to end delay of AODV [4] and DSR [36] are again highly increased after pause time 15 second while the performance of ACOLBR is stable compared to others.…”

Section: Performance Analysis and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In DSR (Dynamic Source Routing protocol) a reactive routing protocol that is used for multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks, has two phases route discovery and route maintenance. The mobile network is dynamic, so it leads to many problems like packet losses, delays in energy wastage, link failure due to congestion in the MANET [36]. Now a days bandwidth is highly demanding with the increase of mobile users to control the congestion in the network.…”

Section: Basic Routing Protocols In Manetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ACOLBR: ACO Based Load Balancing Routing In MANET

Dholey

Sinha

2021

Preprint

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Real-time data transmission is one of the objectives of MANET (mobile ad-hoc network) to handle emergencies like a forest fire, flood, and earthquake. In this scenario, quick delivery of data is itself a challenging task for MANET and there is a possibility of load imbalance due to packet transmission in between source-destination pairs via the shortest path due to congestion or control overhead. In this paper, a novel routing protocol, called ACOLBR (ACO based load balancing routing), is design to control the congestion and balancing the load among the multiple paths in between source to destination. The similarity between the environment of Ant Colony and the MANET inspires the authors to apply ACO (Ant colony optimization) technique during routing in MANET to control congestion and balance the load in the network. In our proposal, two colonies of ants (red/blue) carry their packets based on the network condition. A decision variable is designed to select red/blue ant for transferring packets based on different network parameters such as bandwidth, energy, mobility, and distance. The selection of red ant means the route where the concentration of red pheromone is maximum and reverse is true for blue ant. This protocol is also concerns about the link failure during packet transmission in a route. Simulation results using OMNET++ show that ACOLBR outperforms ARA, ANTHOCNET, FACO, AODV, DSDV, DSR, CA-ARTT, and MOAODV in terms of load balancing efficiently in the route for data transmission in between source to destination.

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Section: Performance Analysis and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Performance Analysis and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Performance Analysis and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Performance Analysis and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic Routing Protocols In Manetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ACOLBR: ACO Based Load Balancing Routing In MANET

Dholey

Sinha

2021

Preprint

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An efficient stable node selection based on Garson's pruned recurrent neural network and MSO model for multipath routing in MANET

Hemalatha

Umamaheswari²,

Jothi

2022

Concurrency and Computation

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In mobile ad hoc network, the routing task is considered to be more complicated issue.In order to find efficient route in MANET, the positions of each stable node in the network is identified initially. The main contribution of this paper is to identify the locations of neighboring nodes in MANET for the establishment of multi path routing in diverse mobility patterns. It also handles packet scheduling to balance the load as well as data forwarding with less communication time. The proposed work explains four phases such as stable node prediction, stability determination, route exploration, and packet dissemination. At first, the stable nodes are identified using recurrent neural network along with modified seagull optimization approach. By means of Garson's pruning based recurrent neural network accompanied with modified sea gull optimization (RMSG) algorithm, the stable neighbors are chosen. The network routing is formed by interconnecting the stable nodes from the source to the destination. When a routing link failure happens, the route recovery process will be initiated. Thus, the data packets are broadcasted in multi-paths without any intervention. The measures namely packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, optimal path selection, and energy consumption are utilized to evaluate the performance of proposed approach. The experimental analysis proved that the proposed approach well performed than other compared existing approaches.

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Dynamic Shortest Path Routing Algorithm to Reduce Retransmission and Congestion Avoidance for Mobile Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network

Suma¹,

Harsoor²

2022

IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent Systems

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Congestion control load balancing adaptive routing protocols for random waypoint model in mobile ad-hoc networks

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

ACOLBR: ACO Based Load Balancing Routing In MANET

ACOLBR: ACO Based Load Balancing Routing In MANET

An efficient stable node selection based on Garson's pruned recurrent neural network and MSO model for multipath routing in MANET

Dynamic Shortest Path Routing Algorithm to Reduce Retransmission and Congestion Avoidance for Mobile Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network

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