RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluating an economic application of renewable generated hydrogen: A way forward for green economic performance and policy measures

Wu, Baijun; Zhai, Bingfeng; Mu, Huaizi; Peng, Xin; Wang, Chao; Patwary, Ataul Karim

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-16770-6

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The shipment of ammonia (e.g., Chile to the U.S. and then the U.S. to EU) would add 35 cents/kg. Longer shipping routes from Saudi Arabia to the EU (as with LH 2 ) would add $1.10, while a proposed shipment from Australia to Japan (LOHC) would lead to an extra 35 cents/kg to the estimated cost . The ultimate cost would be around $4/kg for NH 3 /LOHC and $3.50/kg for LH 2 , with the current capacity derived from electrolyzers within the EU estimated at 26 GW .…”

Section: Transitional Scenario To Carbon Neutrality Using Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longer shipping routes from Saudi Arabia to the EU (as with LH 2 ) would add $1.10, while a proposed shipment from Australia to Japan (LOHC) would lead to an extra 35 cents/kg to the estimated cost. 72 The ultimate cost would be around $4/kg for NH 3 /LOHC and $3.50/kg for LH 2 , with the current capacity derived from electrolyzers within the EU estimated at 26 GW. 71 The current infrastructure capacity is insufficient to convert enough water to H 2 , because 160 million tons would be needed by 2050 if this transformative energy scenario is to be realized.…”

Section: ■ Analysis Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Security and Sustainability for the European Union after/during the Ukraine Crisis: A Perspective

Liu

Wong

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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The special military operation initiated by the Russian Federation (RF) against Ukraine has focused on the European Union (EU) and, to a lesser degree, U.S. fossil fuel resource dependency. The Russian Federation's economy is heavily geared toward exports of carbonbased fuels. As a result of the proximity of the EU and Ukraine, these two entities are the largest importers of RF fossil fuels. Ukraine's and EU's large population and heavy industries utilize energy in large quantities. As a result of the overreliance on Russian carbon energy imports, the overall energy security index of the EU dropped by approximately 1−1.5% over the last 20 years. The energy security index can positively correlate with greenhouse emissions or a composite unit considering gas reserves and carbon dioxide emissions. To improve the EU energy security index, the EU imposed several phase-out energy bans in coordination with the U.K., U.S., Canada, Japan, and Australia in response to the ongoing crisis. An energy balance analysis demonstrates that an attractive option, namely, a hydrogen (H 2 ) infrastructure upgrade at the EU regional level, is feasible. The infrastructure upgrade at the regional level could generate an energy equivalent substitution of 20 exajoules (1 × 10 18 J) for heating and power to enable the EU to be free of energy imports from the RF for all carbon resources except oil. Further policy changes to facilitate a transition to sustainable resources, along with corresponding improvements in the efficiency of businesses, housing, and transport sector, could make the EU carbon neutral by 2050 and free from RF carbon imports before 2060.

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Section: Transitional Scenario To Carbon Neutrality Using Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Analysis Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Security and Sustainability for the European Union after/during the Ukraine Crisis: A Perspective

Liu

Wong

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Alleviation of Climate Catastrophe in Agriculture Through Adoption of Climate-Smart Technologies

Santosh,

Debnath,

Maitra

et al. 2023

Sustainable Development Goals Series

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A review of water electrolysis–based systems for hydrogen production using hybrid/solar/wind energy systems

Nasser

Megahed

Hassan

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

142

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Hydrogen energy, as clean and efficient energy, is considered significant support for the construction of a sustainable society in the face of global climate change and the looming energy revolution. Hydrogen is one of the most important chemical substances on earth and can be obtained through various techniques using renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. However, the necessity for a gradual transition to renewable energy sources significantly hampers efforts to identify and implement green hydrogen production paths. Therefore, this paper’s objective is to provide a technological review of the systems of hydrogen production from solar and wind energy utilizing several types of water electrolyzers. The current paper starts with a short brief about the different production techniques. A detailed comparison between water electrolyzer types and a complete illustration of hydrogen production techniques using solar and wind are presented with examples, after which an economic assessment of green hydrogen production by comparing the costs of the discussed renewable sources with other production methods. Finally, the challenges that face the mentioned production methods are illuminated in the current review.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluating an economic application of renewable generated hydrogen: A way forward for green economic performance and policy measures

Cited by 10 publications

References 107 publications

Energy Security and Sustainability for the European Union after/during the Ukraine Crisis: A Perspective

Energy Security and Sustainability for the European Union after/during the Ukraine Crisis: A Perspective

Alleviation of Climate Catastrophe in Agriculture Through Adoption of Climate-Smart Technologies

A review of water electrolysis–based systems for hydrogen production using hybrid/solar/wind energy systems

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