RETRACTED ARTICLE: Expression of a rice chitinase gene enhances antifungal response in transgenic litchi (cv. Bedana)

Expression of a Bacterial Chitinase (<i>ChiB</i>) Gene Enhances Resistance against <i>Erysiphae polygoni</i> Induced Powdery Mildew Disease in the Transgenic Black Gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> L.) (cv. T9)

“…The Bacterial chitinase (ChiB) gene has been expressed in the leaves of tobacco using two photosynthetic gene promoters (Jonathan et al 1986) [5]. This gene has also been expressed in litchi (Das and Rahman 2010) [6]. The rice chitinase gene (Chi11) has been shown to enhance resistance of bread wheat against herbicide (bialaphos) through biolistics (Chen et al 1998) [7].…”

“…In order to confirm the transgene integration and to determine the number of copies of transgene (ChiB) integrated into genomic DNA, Southern blotting (Southern 1975) [13] experiments were performed. Genomic DNA (10 µg) and plasmid (pBI121-ChiB-GUS) as positive control were digested with XbaI or BamHI(New England Biolab), fragments were separated on 1% (w/v) agarose gels at 25 V for 16 hand processed as mentioned earlier Das and Rahman (2012) [14]. Total RNA was prepared from leaf tissues using Trizol Reagent as per the manufacturer's instructions (Trizol Reagent, Invitrogen life technologies, San Diego, California, USA).…”

“…transcripts in the transformants, RT-PCR was carried out by standard procedure as described earlier Das and Rahman (2012) [14]. The chitinase levels in the transgenic black gram were determined using colorimetric enzyme assay, in-gel assay and western blot analysis.…”

“…Of Genetics, South Campus, University of Delhi, India) at 1:5000 dilution. The rest procedure was followed as earlier Das and Rahman (2012) [14]. A solubilized, ethylene glycol-chitin (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a substrate for chitinase activity assay.…”

In vitro regeneration of Feizixiao litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

“…Given its long reproductive cycle and highly heterozygous genetic background (Litz, 1988;Raharjo and Litz, 2005), new litchi cultivars are difficult to create via conventional breeding methods. Modern breeding techniques such as gene manipulation have the advantages of high efficiency and directional improvement of specific traits, providing a new way for the improvement of litchi cultivars (Das and Rahman, 2012). The establishment of a regeneration system in vitro for litchi bioengineering breeding is vital.…”