RETRACTED ARTICLE: Gastroprotective effect of desmosdumotin C isolated from Mitrella kentii against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal hemorrhage in rats: possible involvement of glutathione, heat-shock protein-70, sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide, and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity

Abstract

BackgroundMitrella kentii (M. kentii) (Bl.) Miq, is a tree-climbing liana that belongs to the family Annonaceae. The plant is rich with isoquinoline alkaloids, terpenylated dihydrochalcones and benzoic acids and has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this study is to assess the gastroprotective effects of desmosdumotin C (DES), a new isolated bioactive compound from M. kentii, on gastric ulcer models in rats.MethodsDES was isolated from the bark of M. kentii. Experimental rats were orally pretreated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of the isolated compound and were subsequently subjected to absolute ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer. Gross evaluation, mucus content, gastric acidity and histological gastric lesions were assessed in vivo. The effects of DES on the anti-oxidant system, non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) content, nitric oxide (NO)level, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme activity, bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein expression and Helicabacter pylori (H pylori) were also investigated.ResultsDES pre-treatment at the administered doses significantly attenuated ethanol-induced gastric ulcer; this was observed by decreased gastric ulcer area, reduced or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration compared to the ulcer control group. It was found that DES maintained glutathione (GSH) level, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increased NP-SH content and NO level and inhibited COX-2 activity. The compound up regulated heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and down regulated Bax protein expression in the ulcerated tissue. DES showed interesting anti-H pylori effects. The efficacy of DES was accomplished safely without any signs of toxicity.ConclusionsThe current study reveals that DES demonstrated gastroprotective effects which could be attributed to its antioxidant effect, activation of HSP-70 protein, intervention with COX-2 inflammatory pathway and potent anti H pylori effect.

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“…MDA is an end-product of the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and related esters within cell membranes that is currently regarded as a reliable index of oxidative tissue damage (Sidahmed et al, 2013). SOD participates in the first line of antioxidant defense against ROS and ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation (Sun et al, 1988).…”

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“…Gastric ulcer on the gastric mucosa appears as elongated bands of hemorrhagic lesions. The total ulcer area (UA) of each stomach was measured by planimetry (mm 2 ) under a dissecting microscope (1.8x) [31]. The percentage of inhibition was calculated using the following formula: $\begin{array}{c}\text{Inhibition}\left(\%\right)=\frac{\left[\left(\text{UA}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}\text{model}-\text{UA}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}\text{treatment}\right)\right]}{\text{UA}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}\text{model}}\times \mathrm{100}\%.\end{array}$ …”