RETRACTED: Efficiency Measurement and Spatial Spillover Effect of Green Agricultural Development in China

Abstract

Green agriculture is mainstream for the sustainable development of agriculture. Based on the Chinese provincial agriculture panel data from 2010 to 2019, we adopted the slack-based measure (SBM) super-efficiency model, sales force automation (SFA) model, and global malmquist–luenberger (GML) production index to measure the efficiency of agricultural green development (AGD). Moreover, Moran’s I and spatial econometric model were applied to analyze factors influencing AGD. The threshold model was used to analyze the relationship between the scale of AGD and gross domestic product (GDP). The results show that 1) Chinese green agricultural development efficiency is on a rising trend, reducing the impact of environmental factors and random interference on the AGD. 2) The analysis of AGD in the spatial effect showed a direct positive effect from agricultural mechanization, science and technology innovation, industrial agglomeration, income level, and environmental rule and a direct negative effect from agricultural yield structure, farmland pollution, and agricultural disasters. Furthermore, industrial structure optimization and environmental rule evoke a demonstration effect, but technical innovation, income level, and agricultural industrial agglomeration triggered a siphonic effect. 3) The threshold model was used to analyze the scale of AGD to realize sustainable development between agriculture and economy.

Re-measurement and influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency under the ‘dual carbon’ target in China

“…Numerous factors influence AEE. In this study, we mainly referred to previous literature such as [ 3 , 44 ]; thought on data accessibility and the realistic situation and finally selected UR, agricultural disaster rate (ADR), agricultural carbon offset rate (ACOR), agricultural industry structure (AIS) and economic development level of agriculture (EDLA). An empirical analysis of the influences of these six factors on AEE was performed.…”

The Dual Effects of Environmental Regulation and Financial Support for Agriculture on Agricultural Green Development: Spatial Spillover Effects and Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity

“…(1) Industrial structure (struc): referring to the previous research [36], the proportion of the output value of the primary industry in the output value of these three industries is adopted to represent an industrial structure. (2) Agricultural mechanization (agrimech): referring to the previous research [37], agricultural mechanization is an important basis for promoting the progress of agricultural technology and modernization, which is generally measured by the number of large and medium-sized tractors in each region. (3) Labors' education level (edu): referring to the previous research [38], labors' education level is generally measured by the average number of education years; that is, the average number of education years of the rural population = (illiterate × 1 + number of labor with primary school education × 6 + number of labor with junior middle school education × 9 + number of labor with secondary school education × 12 + number of labor with a junior college education or above × 16)/the total number of labor over six years old.…”

Research on the spatio-temporal coupling relationship between agricultural green development efficiency and food security system in China

“…The notion of green development efficiency stems from Schaltegger and Sturm's ecological efficiency theory (1990) and serves as a measurement reflecting the degree of agricultural green development [ 17 , 18 ]. For instance, Xu et al adopted the Super-SBM model and spatial econometric modeling to assess the agricultural green development efficiency and explore spatial spillover effects in China [ 19 ]. Ge et al employed a SBM-DDF-Luenberger method to calculate the agricultural green development efficiency and test the heterogeneous effects of urbanization [ 20 ].…”