[Retracted] Glucosamine Supplementation in Premating Drinking Water Improves Within‐Litter Birth Weight Uniformity of Rats Partly through Modulating Hormone Metabolism and Genes Involved in Implantation

Abstract

Within-litter birth weight variation in multiparous animals has become a big issue due to high incidence of low birth weight neonates, which gives rise to high preweaning mortality and morbidity. Foetus with various birth weights is the outcome of diverse embryos competence which is affected by oocyte quality. Glucosamine (GlcN) has been reported to be involved in oocyte maturation; however, its effect on pregnant outcomes remains unknown. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of premating GlcN supplementation via drinking water on within-litter birth weight variation and its underlying mechanism. Fifty eight Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups with normal drinking water or drinking water supplemented with 0.5 mM GlcN from six to eight weeks old. Variation of within-litter birth weight in the GlcN group was 5.55%, significantly lower compared with 8.17% in the control group. Birth weight was significantly increased in the GlcN group (2.27 ± 0.06) compared with the control group (2.08 ± 0.04). Both absolute and relative weights of the ovary at the end of GlcN treatment were higher in the GlcN group than in the control group (P<0.05). In the GlcN group, there were more successfully implanted blastocysts (13.38 ± 0.63 and 15.75 ± 0.59 in the control and treatment group, respectively) with more uniform distribution along the two uterine horns compared with the control group. Besides, gene expressions of Alk3 and Bmp2 were increased in the implantation sites, while IGF-1 and Mucin-1 were decreased significantly in rats administrated with GlcN. Maternal progesterone, estradiol, and IGF-1 concentrations on D 19.5 were significantly increased, while insulin and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in contrast with control dams. In summary, the administration of 0.5 mM GlcN solution before mating reduced within-litter birth weight variation, accompanied with increased fetal weight. Further investigation indicated that the improved outcome of pregnancy results at least partly from the increased ovary weights of the rats, the homogeneous embryo developmental competence, the enhanced receptivity of the uterine environment, and the adjusted maternal hormone levels.

Association between genetically proxied glucosamine and risk of cancer and non-neoplastic disease: A Mendelian randomization study

“…Notwithstanding, there exist certain biological indications that lend credence to the probability of the amplified risk that we have witnessed in instances of prostate cancer. Li Feng et al reported habitual glucosamine consumption has the potential to trigger an increase in the levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, known to be a contributing factor to the risk of prostate cancer ( Travis et al, 2016 ; Feng et al, 2020 ).…”

Regular Glucosamine Use May Have Different Roles in the Risk of Site-Specific Cancers: Findings from a Large Prospective Cohort

“…(33) However, some biological evidence has also been available to support the possibility of the increased risk we observed in prostate cancer. A recent experimental study reported that glucosamine supplementation could increase the concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), (34) which is considered as a risk factor for prostate cancer. (35,36) No previous studies have reported related evidence in terms of glucosamine supplements and increased risk of skin cancer.…”

Retracted: Glucosamine Supplementation in Premating Drinking Water Improves Within-Litter Birth Weight Uniformity of Rats Partly through Modulating Hormone Metabolism and Genes Involved in Implantation

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Manipulated or compromised peer review …”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”