RETRACTED: Optimized Ellagic Acid–Ca Pectinate Floating Beads for Gastroprotection against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats

Abstract

<jats:p>A peptic ulcer is an alimentary tract injury that leads to a mucosal defect reaching the submucosa. This work aimed to optimize and maximize ellagic acid (EA) loading in Ca pectinate floating beads to maximize the release for 24 h. Three factors were selected: Ca pectinate concentration (X1, 1–3 w/v %), EA concentration (X2, 1–3 w/v %) and the dropping time (X3, 10–30 min). The factorial design proposed eight formulations. The optimized EA–Ca pectinate formulation was evaluated for the gastric ulcer index and the oxidative stress parameter determination of gastric mucosa. The results indicated that the optimum EA–Ca pectinate formula significantly improved the gastric ulcer index in comparison with raw EA. The protective effect of the optimized EA–Ca pectinate formula was further indicated by the histopathological features of the stomach. The results of the study indicate that an EA formulation in the form of Ca pectinate beads would be effective for protection against gastric ulcers because of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) administration.</jats:p>

Pretreatment with Lactobacillus fermentum XY18 Relieves Gastric Injury Induced by HCl/Ethanol in Mice via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms

“…An important inducement of gastric mucosal injury is oxidative stress caused by external stimulation. 38 There are enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems in the body, including SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px, which scavenge superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl, thus reducing the oxidative damage of tissues. 39 SOD is the main enzyme that removes free radicals in the body due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties and other physiological Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2020:14 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com DovePress 5731 activities.…”

Pretreatment with Lactobacillus fermentum XY18 Relieves Gastric Injury Induced by HCl/Ethanol in Mice via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms

“…An important inducement of gastric mucosal injury is oxidative stress caused by external stimulation. 38 There are enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems in the body, including SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px, which scavenge superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl, thus reducing the oxidative damage of tissues. 39 SOD is the main enzyme that removes free radicals in the body due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties and other physiological Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2020:14 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com…”

Polymeric Excipients in the Technology of Floating Drug Delivery Systems

“…Pectins are high molecular weight polysaccharides consisting mainly of D-galacturonic acid residues connected by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds in the chain; acid and hydroxyl groups can be esterified [13,19]. These polymers can be used in the technology of floating delivery systems as matrix formers, in addition, due to the ability to interact with polyvalent metal ions, they are used for the manufacture of microcapsules by the ionotropic gelation method; after reaction with calcium ions, the cross-linked gel acquires mucoadhesive properties [2,13,15,19,30].…”

“…Alhakamy et al, developed and manufactured granules containing ellagic acid based on the reaction of pectin with calcium ions, using the method of ionotropic gelation. The resulting DF had a flotation time of 24 h and sustained release for 24 h [30]. Abouelatta et al, also used the ionotropic gelation method to obtain pectin-based floating cinnarizine granules, achieving DF flotation time of 8 h, an immediate ascent, and a zero-order release kinetics within 12 h [31].…”