RETRACTED: Traditional and Recent Root Canal Irrigation Methods and Their Effectiveness: A Review

Abstract

According to contemporary dental standards, the primary goal of endodontic therapy is the chemo-mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system. Watering root canals with approved solutions and activating them are essential parts of this operation. This review outlines various irrigant activation methods for root canal therapy. Specifically, a comparison among the methods of manual dynamic activation, sonics (subsonic, sonic, and ultrasonic), internal heating, and lasers, was conducted. The results in this work were gathered using Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases by searching the following keywords: sodium hypochlorite, cleaning, activation, and irrigation methods. The present work concluded that the use of irrigant activation has a greater benefit than its absence. Regardless, it is impossible to point to a single effective activation method.

Comparison of Easydo Activator, ultrasonic and needle irrigation techniques on sealer penetration and smear layer removal in vitro

“…In clinical practice, the sealer penetration and smear layer removal in the apical third need to be improved, which is the key to increase the efficiency of cleaning and disinfection [ 51 , 52 ]. The present study showed that EA was superior to PUI and NI in sealer penetration and smear layer removal at the apical third of the root canal.…”

Association between the irrigation-agitation techniques and Periapical Healing of large periapical lesions: a Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Irrigation activation systems claim improved irrigant transfer, debridement, and removal of smear layer or biofilm. There are several studies in the literature evaluating debris removal [ 17 , 18 ], antimicrobial [ 29 – 32 ] and effective activation efficiency of activation methods [ 4 , 33 , 34 ]. Many in vitro and tooth model studies support these claims.…”

Thyme Essential Oil As an Antibacterial Irrigant in Root Canal Treatment: In Vitro Preliminary Study

“…To achieve intracanal disinfection and to promote periapical healing, "chemomechanical preparation" of the tooth is performed by mechanical instrumentation of the root canal space and the simultaneous use of chemical agents [8,9]. Irrigation is complementary to instrumentation and facilitates the removal of pulp tissues and/or microorganisms [10], above all in root canal system areas not achievable by mechanical instrumentation (isthmus, apical delta, accessory canals) [11]. In addition to provide mechanical flushing action, microbicidal effects and dissolution of pulp tissue remnants, an ideal irrigant should be free of local and systemic ad-verse effects [11].…”