RETRACTED: Ultrastructural study by backscattered electron imaging and elemental microanalysis of biomaterial‐to‐bone interface and mineral degradation of bovine xenografts in maxillary sinus floor elevation

Abstract

The biomaterial proved to be biocompatible and osteoconductive when used as a bone substitute for maxillary sinus elevation. The grafting material used is not a completely resorbable material over the time period covered by this study.

Bone repair of critical size defects treated with autogenic, allogenic, or xenogenic bone grafts alone or in combination with rhBMP‐2

“…Our study found that this type of graft was able to house the remaining bone particles by affixing a layer of immature bone tissue, with rare foci of inflammation. Despite some studies found in the literature reporting negative results using xenografts depending on the experimental conditions and type of graft (Levai et al 2003;Ledford et al 2013), others show its beneficial effects in healing (Astore et al 2005;Athanasiou et al 2010;Ram ırez-Fern andez et al 2013;Calasans-Maia et al 2014). Accordingly, our work observed in the histological analysis little remaining of this graft apposition of bone tissue, as well as the presence of resorption lacunae occupied by active osteoclasts.…”

Bone stability around dental implants: Treatment related factors

“…One of the most common augmentation procedures is sinus lifting in the lateral maxilla. Many bone substitutes have been shown to be reliable, even without additional autogenic bone Heinemann et al, 2009a,b;Nevins et al, 2013;Ramírez-Fernández et al, 2013). To improve the condition for the implant placement, early augmentation directly after tooth extraction has been recommended, and different bone substitutes have been investigated in this context.…”

Effectiveness of rhBMP‐2 association to autogenous, allogeneic, and heterologous bone grafts

“…However, the use of the allograft should be cautious, as transmission of pathogens may occur if safety measures are not undertaken (Frost, Fonseca, & Burkes Jr., 1982). Regarding the use of heterologous bone, some studies show negative results (Ledford, Nunley 2nd, Viens, & Lark, 2013;Levai, Bringer, Descamps, & Boisgard, 2003) and other studies show positive results (Astore, Ricci, Ursino, & Spotorno, 2005;Athanasiou et al, 2010;Calasans-Maia et al, 2014;Ramirez-Fernandez et al, 2013).…”