Retraction Note to: Diagnosis, classification and grading of canine mammary tumours as a model to study human breast cancer: an Clinico-Cytohistopathological study with environmental factors influencing public health and medicine

Shafiee, Radmehr; Javanbakh, Javad; Atyabi, Nahid; Kheradmand, Pegah; Kheradmand, Danial; Bahrami, Alimohammad; Daraei, Hasti; Khadivar, Farshid

doi:10.1186/s12935-016-0358-6

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the case of multiple tumors, the microscopic examination of each tumor will be performed. Moreover, mammary ultrasonography may also be helpful on the diagnosis of feline mammary masses and also, it is a rapid and easily performed method for assessment of the mammary gland structure [9,10]. To the best of our knowledge, the literature lacks information on the prevalence and cytohistopathological profile of mammary lesions in this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Improving the diagnosis, treatment, and biology patterns of feline mammary intraepithelial lesions: a potential model for human breast masses with evidence from epidemiologic and cytohistopathologic studies

et al. 2014

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In this study, the frequency of different types of mammary masses and their relationship with cytohistopathologic changes was investigated and data on history, macroscopic description, clinical examination and treatment were collected. To determine the prevalence and types of cytohistopathologic changes, mammary glands from 12 female cats were evaluated. The mean age of cats at the time of diagnosis was 11.5 ± 1.9 years (range 4-14 years), the mean gross size of the masses was 3.1 ± 2.4 cm, 4/12 (33.3 %) masses were ≤3.0 cm in diameter, and the maximum diameter of the largest mass had a median of 5 cm, with a range of diameter of 6 × 5 × 4 cm. Moreover, the preferential localization of mammary masses was the abdominal lobes (%50) and thoracic lobes (%33.3), and inguinal lobes (%16.7 of cases). Furthermore, two cases of the inguinal masses affected the caudo-inguinal lobe, six cases caudo-abdominal lobe, and thoracic masses were found in four cases. Eventually, six cases (%50) of masses were found in the right mammary lobes and six cases (%50) in the left mammary lobes. The majority of the masses revealed elastic (%50 of cases), hard (%25 of cases), or soft (%25 of cases) consistency. In the present study, according to the criteria of the veterinary and the medical WHO classification system, of the 12 cats with the cytohistopathological features of six (50 %) cases qualified abscess, 3 (25 %) cases as cystic hyperplasia and 3 (25 %) cases were called situ carcinoma. Whereas, all hyperplastic lesions (case nos. 7-9 and ranging in size from, 1 to >4 cm(3)) and carcinomas in situ lesions (case nos. 10-12 and ranging in size from, 1 to >3 cm(3)) were found incidentally upon routine cytohistology. Other lesions were observed grossly and removed either at surgery (case nos. 1-6). Finally, the cats were treated with unilateral lumpectomy (3 cases) and also, nine (75 %) cases had subsequent drainage, 3 (25 %) of which showed cystic hyperplasia and 6 (50 %) showed abscess on subsequent histopathological evaluation. Therefore, a correct diagnosis must be established quickly, and treatment must be instituted rapidly when alteration is noted in the mammary glands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Improving the diagnosis, treatment, and biology patterns of feline mammary intraepithelial lesions: a potential model for human breast masses with evidence from epidemiologic and cytohistopathologic studies

et al. 2014

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“…The clonogenic hypothesis of oncogenesis suggests that tumors may be generated from cancer cells with SC properties [Reya et al, ; Jackson et al, ; Zucchi et al, , ; Gilbert and Ross, ; Tomasson, ; Pece et al, ]. Spontaneously occurring mammary cancers in dogs contain a diversity of cells that like for human breast tumors, support that also canine breast tumors are generated from CSCs [Rasotto et al, , Shafiee et al, ]. Understanding the interaction of epigenomic processes associated with tissue/organ development and gene mutation products may help understand why mammary tumors are heterogeneous in terms of cell proliferation and dissimilar in responses to anticancer agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FGF2 and EGF Are Required for Self-Renewal and Organoid Formation of Canine Normal and Tumor Breast Stem Cells

et al. 2016

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Recent studies suggest that human tumors are generated from cancer cells with stem cell (SC) properties. Spontaneously occurring cancers in dogs contain a diversity of cells that like for human tumors suggest that certain canine tumors are also generated from cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs, like normal SCs, have the capacity for self-renewal as mammospheres in suspension cultures. To understand how cells with SC properties contribute to canine mammary gland tumor development and progression, comparative analysis between normal SCs and CSCs, obtained from the same individual, is essential. We have utilized the property of sphere formation to develop culture conditions for propagating stem/progenitor cells from canine normal and tumor tissue. We show that cells from dissociated mammospheres retain sphere reformation capacity for several serial passages and have the capacity to generate organoid structures ex situ. Utilizing various culture conditions for passaging SCs and CSCs, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were found to positively or negatively regulate mammosphere regeneration, organoid formation, and multi-lineage differentiation potential. The response of FGF2 and EGF on SCs and CSCs was different, with increased FGF2 and EGF self-renewal promoted in SCs and repressed in CSCs. Our protocol for propagating SCs from normal and tumor canine breast tissue will provide new opportunities in comparative mammary gland stem cell analysis between species and anticancer treatment and therapies for dogs. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 570-584, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…CMT present epidemiological, clinical, biological, and genetic similarities with women breast cancer and are considered important models in comparative studies (Andrade, Figueiroa, Bersano, Bissacot, & Rocha, ; Boggs, Wright, Stickney, Porter, & Murphy, ; Cassali, ; Shafiee et al, ; Grosse, van Loon, & Rohrer Bley, ; Queiroga et al, ). Tumor types in humans and female dogs are also similar, although the types differ in the relative frequency of each tumor (Cassali, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene and protein expression in canine metastatic mammary carcinomas

Raposo-Ferreira

Salvador

Terra

et al. 2016

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor that could be associated with the induction of endothelial cell proliferation and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated VEGF gene and protein expression in canine mammary tumors (CMT), including metastatic carcinomas, to determine if there is an influence of this marker in the malignant processes and aggressiveness of CMT. We also compared VEGF protein levels with clinicopathological features. The VEGF gene and protein expression levels were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in normal mammary gland samples, benign mammary tumors, nonmetastatic mammary carcinomas, and metastatic mammary carcinomas. High VEGF gene and protein levels were associated with malignant tumors compared with normal mammary glands (p = 0.0089 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Benign tumors showed an increased VEGF protein expression compared with normal samples (p = 0.0467). No significant differences in VEGF gene or protein levels were detected between benign and malignant tumors or between nonmetastatic and metastatic carcinomas, suggesting an absence in the correlation of VEGF with malignant processes and aggressiveness of CMT. No correlation of VEGF expression with clinical and histopathological parameters was observed, suggesting that VEGF could be important in the beginning of the mammary gland carcinogenic process and could be related to survival time.

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Retraction Note to: Diagnosis, classification and grading of canine mammary tumours as a model to study human breast cancer: an Clinico-Cytohistopathological study with environmental factors influencing public health and medicine

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Improving the diagnosis, treatment, and biology patterns of feline mammary intraepithelial lesions: a potential model for human breast masses with evidence from epidemiologic and cytohistopathologic studies

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Improving the diagnosis, treatment, and biology patterns of feline mammary intraepithelial lesions: a potential model for human breast masses with evidence from epidemiologic and cytohistopathologic studies

FGF2 and EGF Are Required for Self-Renewal and Organoid Formation of Canine Normal and Tumor Breast Stem Cells

Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene and protein expression in canine metastatic mammary carcinomas

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