Retrofitting and re-powering as a control strategies for curtailment of exposure of underground miners to diesel aerosols

Bugarski, Aleksandar D.; Hummer, Jon A.; Vanderslice, Shawn; Barone, Teresa

doi:10.1007/s42461-019-00146-z

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The higher ratio is caused by the lower EC exposure in our study, which is hypothesized to be due to the higher level of emission abatement strategies (internal or external emission reduction) in the engines of the vehicles used in this mine. Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in particular are known to be efficient in removing PM including EC (Bugarski et al 2020 ; Zeraati-Rezaei et al 2020 ; Gren et al 2021 ). The operators of the relatively older machines (from 2012 and forward, Stage IIIB and IV) in the mine had a lower NO 2 /EC ratio (GM:10) than the operators of vehicles with the latest emission standard (GM:71, Stage V and Euro VI).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underground emissions and miners’ personal exposure to diesel and renewable diesel exhaust in a Swedish iron ore mine

Gren

Krais

Assarsson

et al. 2022

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Underground diesel exhaust exposure is an occupational health risk. It is not known how recent intensified emission legislation and use of renewable fuels have reduced or altered occupational exposures. We characterized these effects on multipollutant personal exposure to diesel exhaust and underground ambient air concentrations in an underground iron ore mine. Methods Full-shift personal sampling (12 workers) of elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and equivalent black carbon (eBC) was performed. The study used and validated eBC as an online proxy for occupational exposure to EC. Ambient air sampling of these pollutants and particle number size distribution and concentration were performed in the vicinity of the workers. Urine samples (27 workers) were collected after 8 h exposure and analyzed for PAH metabolites and effect biomarkers (8-oxodG for DNA oxidative damage, 4-HNE-MA for lipid peroxidation, 3-HPMA for acrolein). Results The personal exposures (geometric mean; GM) of the participating miners were 7 µg EC m−3 and 153 µg NO2 m−3, which are below the EU occupational exposure limits. However, exposures up to 94 µg EC m−3 and 1200 µg NO2 m−3 were observed. There was a tendency that the operators of vehicles complying with sharpened emission legislation had lower exposure of EC. eBC and NO2 correlated with EC, R = 0.94 and R = 0.66, respectively. No correlation was found between EC and the sum of 16 priority PAHs (GM 1790 ng m−3). Ratios between personal exposures and ambient concentrations were similar and close to 1 for EC and NO2, but significantly higher for PAHs. Semi-volatile PAHs may not be effectively reduced by the aftertreatment systems, and ambient area sampling did not predict the personal airborne PAHs exposure well, neither did the slightly elevated concentration of urinary PAH metabolites correlate with airborne PAH exposure. Conclusion Miners’ exposures to EC and NO2 were lower than those in older studies indicating the effect of sharpened emission legislation and new technologies. Using modern vehicles with diesel particulate filter (DPF) may have contributed to the lower ambient underground PM concentration and exposures. The semi-volatile behavior of the PAHs might have led to inefficient removal in the engines aftertreatment systems and delayed removal by the workplace ventilation system due to partitioning to indoor surfaces. The results indicate that secondary emissions can be an important source of gaseous PAH exposure in the mine.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%