Return from Dormancy: Rapid inflation and seismic unrest at Mt. Edgecumbe (L'ux Shaa) Volcano, Alaska

Grapenthin, Ronni; Cheng, Yitian; Angarita, Mario; Tan, Darren; Meyer, Franz J.; Fee, David

doi:10.1002/essoar.10511333.1

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Westdahl volcano and Fisher Caldera, located on Unimak Island at the western tip of the Alaska Peninsula (Figure 4), is a complex use case as the volcanic centers are close to each other (10-15 km) and have been nearly continuously deforming over the last 30 years. This deformation has been observed with InSAR (Gong et al, 2015;Lu et al, 2000Lu et al, , 2003 and campaign and continuous GNSS observations (Freymueller, 1998(Freymueller, , 2002a(Freymueller, , 2002bGrapenthin & Angarita, 2021;Mann & Freymueller, 2003). In this case the deformation signals at Westdahl volcano and Fisher Caldera cannot be separated from each other just by limiting the spatial scale of the deformation field (Figure 4).…”

Section: Case Study: Westdahl Volcano and Fisher Calderamentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In addition to 6 continuous GNSS stations at Westdahl volcano going back to the summer of 2008, and prior campaigns at Westdahl volcano and Fisher Caldera (Freymueller, 1998(Freymueller, , 2002a(Freymueller, , 2002b, new GNSS campaign observations were collected in June 2021 at all Fisher Caldera benchmarks (Grapenthin & Angarita, 2021). The data processing strategy follows that of Grapenthin, Kyle, et al (2022).…”

Section: Case Study: Westdahl Volcano and Fisher Calderamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Versatile Modeling Of Deformation (VMOD) Inversion Framework: Application to 20 Years of Observations at Westdahl Volcano and Fisher Caldera, Alaska, US

Angarita,

Grapenthin,

Henderson

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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We developed an open source, extensible Python‐based framework, that we call the Versatile Modeling Of Deformation (VMOD), for forward and inverse modeling of crustal deformation sources. VMOD abstracts from specific source model implementations, data types and inversion methods. We implement the most common geodetic source models which can be combined to model and analyze multi‐source deformation. VMOD supports Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), InSAR, electronic distance measurement, Leveling and tilt data. To infer source characteristics from observations, VMOD implements non‐linear least squares and Markov Chain Monte‐Carlo Bayesian inversions, including joint inversions using different sources of data. VMOD's structure allows for easy integration of new geodetic models, data types, and inversion strategies. We benchmark the forward models against other published results and the inversion approaches against other implementations. We apply VMOD to analyze deformation at Unimak Island, Alaska, observed with continuous and campaign GNSS, and ascending and descending InSAR time series generated from Sentinel‐1 satellite radar acquisitions. These data show an inflation pattern at Westdahl volcano and subsidence at Fisher Caldera. We use VMOD to test a range of source models by jointly inverting the GNSS and InSAR data sets. Our final model simultaneously constrains the parameters of two sources. Our results reveal a depressurizing spheroid under Fisher Caldera ∼4–6 km deep, contracting at a rate of ∼2–3 Mm3/yr, and a pressurizing spherical source underneath Westdahl volcano ∼6–8 km deep, inflating at ∼5 Mm3/yr. This and past applications of VMOD to volcanic unrest benefit from an extensible framework which supports jointly inversions of data sets for parameters of easily composable multi‐source models.

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