Reusing Clay Based Spent Media Filter to Modify Trinidad Asphaltic Materials

The Utilization of Waste Toner as a Modifier in Trinidad Asphalts

“…In order to study the viscoelastic properties of an asphalt material at different stress and strain levels, the behavior of the material must still be linear; that is, the relationship between stress and strain must only be affected by temperature and loading time and not by the magnitude of the stress or strain [27]. Previous studies have employed rheological analysis to gauge how well the new mixes performed after recycled materials were added as a binder [15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]27]. The rheological characteristics of a specimen's complex shear modulus (G*), phase angle (δ), and viscosity (µ) were measured using a dynamic shear rheometer.…”

“…The ATS RheoSystems Dynamic Shear Rheometer (Viscoanalyzer DSR) was used to determine the rheological properties of the asphaltic bends, which were tested under the strain-control mode to ensure that the parameters were kept within the linear viscoelastic range [15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The DSR testing was software-controlled using plate-plate configuration test geometry.…”

“…This is due to the possibility that the degree of compatibility of the waste toner with the indigenous Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) and Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) binders may vary compared to the binders used in other studies. Asphaltic binders vary in composition, which is dependent on their source (as in the case of naturally occurring binders, such as TLA) and the manufacturing processes used (as in the case of refinery bitumens, such as TPB); this may result in differences in the rheological and performance characteristics of modified blends [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Simply stated, no two binders will interact the same with a particular additive.…”

“…Since asphaltic binders exhibit viscoelastic properties, the use of the dynamic (oscillatory) shear rheology (DSR) testing technique has proven to be a successful technique for measuring the rheological properties of asphaltic materials, as well as blends modified with waste materials [15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The effect of additives and modifiers on parent binders can be studied by measuring their effects on the rheological values: complex modulus, G* (degree of stiffness); phase angle, δ (degree of elasticity); and viscosity, µ (resistance deformation).…”