Revealing on hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide signals co‐ordination for plant growth under stress conditions

Abstract

In the recent times, plants are facing certain types of environmental stresses, which give rise to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxides, superoxide anions and so on. These are required by the plants at low concentrations for signal transduction and at high concentrations, they repress plant root growth. Apart from the ROS activities, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) have major contributions in regulating growth and developmental processes in plants, as they also play key roles as signaling molecules and act as chief plant immune defense mechanisms against various biotic as well as abiotic stresses. H2S and NO are the two pivotal gaseous messengers involved in growth, germination and improved tolerance in plants under stressed and non‐stress conditions. H2S and NO mediate cell signaling in plants as a response to several abiotic stresses like temperature, heavy metal exposure, water and salinity. They alter gene expression levels to induce the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes and also trigger their interactions with each other. However, research has been limited to only cross adaptations and signal transductions. Understanding the change and mechanism of H2S and NO mediated cell signaling will broaden our knowledge on the various biochemical changes that occur in plant cells related to different stresses. A clear understanding of these molecules in various environmental stresses would help to confer biotechnological applications to protect plants against abiotic stresses and to improve crop productivity.

Root Growth Adaptation to Climate Change in Crops

“…NO and H 2 S are two gaseous molecules that act as signaling compounds during different developmental processes, including root morphogenesis, and stress situations, like heat stress. It has been described for both molecules that its external application confers thermotolerance in both shoot and roots (Li et al, 2013;Singh et al, 2019).…”

An Update on Nitric Oxide Production and Role Under Phosphorus Scarcity in Plants

“…It is necessary to understand NO effects in the context of a complex network of molecules (Kolbert et al, 2019). The interaction of NO with other small signaling molecules, such as ROS and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), contributes to the regulation of growth, development, and of biotic and abiotic stresses responses (Singh et al, 2019; Figure 2). So far, there is insufficient knowledge of the specific crosstalk involving RNS, ROS and H 2 S under P-scarcity.…”

Hydrogen sulfide negatively regulates cd-induced cell death in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) root tip cells

“…In humans, H 2 S is involved in blood flow, neurotransmission, immune response, hormone secretion and muscle contraction systems [11,12]. In plants, low concentrations of H 2 S have resulted in characteristics of a gas signal molecule and it has been shown that plants can synthesize endogenous H 2 S under biotic and abiotic stress conditions [13][14][15][16]. H 2 S can be produced by D-cysteine desulfhydrase and β-cyano-alanine synthase [17].…”