Reverse‐curve‐arch‐shaped dry EEG electrode for increased skin–electrode contact area on hairy scalps

Lee, Jeong Su; Han, Chung Min; Kim, Jee Hoon; Park, Kwang Suk

doi:10.1049/el.2015.1873

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since then, a wide number of materials have been considered for making dry EEG electrodes [19,20,21,22]. The commercially available g.SAHARA electrodes [9,23] use gold and a similar closely-positioned impedance-converting amplifier approach.…”

Section: Electrode Materials and Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Dry EEG Electrodes

Krachunov

Casson

2016

Sensors

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Electroencephalography (EEG) is a procedure that records brain activity in a non-invasive manner. The cost and size of EEG devices has decreased in recent years, facilitating a growing interest in wearable EEG that can be used out-of-the-lab for a wide range of applications, from epilepsy diagnosis, to stroke rehabilitation, to Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). A major obstacle for these emerging applications is the wet electrodes, which are used as part of the EEG setup. These electrodes are attached to the human scalp using a conductive gel, which can be uncomfortable to the subject, causes skin irritation, and some gels have poor long-term stability. A solution to this problem is to use dry electrodes, which do not require conductive gel, but tend to have a higher noise floor. This paper presents a novel methodology for the design and manufacture of such dry electrodes. We manufacture the electrodes using low cost desktop 3D printers and off-the-shelf components for the first time. This allows quick and inexpensive electrode manufacturing and opens the possibility of creating electrodes that are customized for each individual user. Our 3D printed electrodes are compared against standard wet electrodes, and the performance of the proposed electrodes is suitable for BCI applications, despite the presence of additional noise.

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Section: Electrode Materials and Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Dry EEG Electrodes

Krachunov

Casson

2016

Sensors

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“…To develop instant donning headsets, reversed-curve arch electrodes introduced in our previous work [9] were used. The electrode was fabricated using sterling silver via a 3D printer (Perfactory, EnvisonTEC, Gladbeck, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DSI 10/20 (Quasar, San Diego, CA, USA) can be donned easily, but after donning, each electrode must be twisted for stable contact between the scalp and the electrode, which is time-consuming. The Quick-20 Dry EEG Headset (Cognionics) is quick and easy to set up, but the electrodes are spiky, which has several drawbacks of high skin-electrode impedance by small contact area as well as pain when pressing the electrodes onto the skin [9]. None of these headsets measures multichannel EEG signals immediately after donning without some level of preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Instant Donning Multi-Channel EEG Headset (with Comb-Shaped Dry Electrodes) and BCI Applications

Kim

Lee

Han

et al. 2019

Sensors

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We developed a new type of electroencephalogram (EEG) headset system with comb-shaped electrodes that enables the wearer to quickly don and utilize it in daily life. Two models that can measure EEG signals using up to eight channels have been implemented. The electrodes implemented in the headsets are similar to a comb and are placed quickly by wiping the hair (as done with a comb) using the headset. To verify this headset system, donning time was measured and three brain computer interface (BCI) application experiments were conducted. Alpha rhythm-based, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based, and auditory steady state response (ASSR)-based BCI systems were adopted for the validation experiments. Four subjects participated and ten trials were repeated in the donning experiment. The results of the validation experiments show that reliable EEG signal measurement is possible immediately after donning the headsets without any preparation. It took approximately 10 s for healthy subjects to don the headsets, including an earclip with reference and ground electrodes. The results of alpha rhythm-based BCI showed 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the results of SSVEP-based and ASSR-based BCI experiments indicate that performance is sufficient for BCI applications; 95.7% and 76.0% accuracies were obtained, respectively. The results of BCI paradigm experiments indicate that the new headset type is feasible for various BCI applications.

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“…1) Non-invasive dry electrodes: The reverse-curve-archshaped dry electrode is one of the shapes proposed in [62]. It is made of sterling silver and a 3D printer was used in its manufacture.…”

Section: A Low-impedance Dry Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7. Examples of non-invasive dry electrodes: A) 3D-printed electrode coated with silver paint [57], B) bristle dry electrode [59], C) Ag NWs/PDMS flexible dry electrode [60], D) g.SAHARASYS [61], E) reverse-curve-arch-shaped dry electrode [62], and F) micro-needle arrays dry electrode [63] .…”

Section: A Low-impedance Dry Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance and Noise of Passive and Active Dry EEG Electrodes: A Review

2020

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Dry electrodes are a promising solution for prolonged EEG signal acquisition, whereas wet electrodes may lose their signal quality in the same situation and require skin preparation for setup. Here, we review the impedance and noise of passive and active dry EEG electrodes. In addition, we compare noise and input impedance of the EEG amplifiers. As there are multiple definitions of impedance in each EEG system, they are all first defined. Electrodes must be compatible with amplifiers to accurately record EEG signals. This implies that their impedance plays a significant role in amplifier compatibility and affects total input-referred noise. Therefore, we review the impedance and noise of state-of-the-art amplifiers and electrodes. Furthermore, we compare the various structures and materials used and their final impedance to that of wet electrodes. Finally, we compare state-of-the-art electrodes and amplifiers to the standards of the IFCN and IEC80601-2-26. We investigate bottlenecks and propose a guideline for future work on passive and active dry electrodes, as well as EEG amplifiers.

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Reverse‐curve‐arch‐shaped dry EEG electrode for increased skin–electrode contact area on hairy scalps

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

3D Printed Dry EEG Electrodes

3D Printed Dry EEG Electrodes

An Instant Donning Multi-Channel EEG Headset (with Comb-Shaped Dry Electrodes) and BCI Applications

Impedance and Noise of Passive and Active Dry EEG Electrodes: A Review

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