Reverse electrodialysis with saline waters and concentrated brines: A laboratory investigation towards technology scale-up

Tedesco, Michele; Brauns, E.; Cipollina, Andrea; Micale, G.; Modica, P.; Russo, Gianni; Helsen, Joost

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2015.05.020

Cited by 182 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…One of the reasons is the drop in the permselectivity mentioned in Section 4.1. Tedesco et al [45] and Daniilidis et al [43] also measured half of the theoretical potential using similar concentrations for the concentrated feed as in our experiments.…”

Section: Stack Measurementssupporting

confidence: 71%

Electrodialytic Energy Storage System: Permselectivity, Stack Measurements and Life-Cycle Analysis

et al. 2020

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Reverse electrodialysis and electrodialysis can be combined into a closed energy storage system, allowing for storing surplus energy through a salinity difference between two solutions. A closed system benefits from simple temperature control, the ability to use higher salt concentrations and mitigation of membrane fouling. In this work, the permselectivity of two membranes from Fumatech, FAS-50 and FKS-50, is found to be ranging from 0.7 to 0.5 and from 0.8 to 0.7 respectively. The maximum unit cell open-circuit voltage was measured to be 115 ± 9 mV and 118 ± 8 mV at 25 • C and 40 • C, respectively, and the power density was found to be 1.5 ± 0.2 W m -2 uc at 25 • C and 2.0 ± 0.3 W m -2 uc at 40 • C. Given a lifetime of 10 years, three hours of operation per day and 3% downtime, the membrane price can be 2.5 ± 0.3 $ m −2 and 1.4 ± 0.2 $ m −2 to match the energy price in the EU and the USA, respectively. A life-cycle analysis was conducted for a storage capacity of 1 GWh and 2 h of discharging. The global warming impact is 4.53·10 5 kg CO 2 equivalents/MWh and the cumulative energy demand is 1.61·10 3 MWh/MWh, which are 30% and 2 times higher than a lithium-ion battery pack with equivalent capacity, respectively. An electrodialytic energy storage system reaches a comparable global warming impact and a lower cumulative energy demand than a lithium-ion battery for an average life span of 20 and 3 years, respectively.

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Section: Stack Measurementssupporting

confidence: 71%

Electrodialytic Energy Storage System: Permselectivity, Stack Measurements and Life-Cycle Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…7C,D is expected to shift towards lower values of δ aem and δ cem . However, higher flow velocities lead to higher pressure losses, which can limit the economic feasibility of the process (especially in the case of RED [10]). In conclusion, although operating conditions (i.e., flow velocities and feed concentration) can affect the optimal range of the membrane thickness, we believe that the trends shown in Fig.…”

Section: Optimal Range Of Aem-cem Thickness For Ed and Red Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nernst-Planck transport theory for (reverse) electrodialysis: III. Optimal membrane thickness for enhanced process performance

Tedesco¹,

Hamelers²,

Biesheuvel³

2018

Journal of Membrane Science

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The effect of the thickness of ion exchange membranes has been investigated for electrodialysis (ED) and reverse electrodialysis (RED), both experimentally and through theoretical modeling. By developing a two-dimensional model based on Nernst-Planck theory, we theoretically find that reducing the membrane thickness benefits process performance only until a certain value, below which performance drops. For ED, an optimum thickness can be identified in the range of 10-20 µm, while for RED the maximum power density is found for membranes that are three times as thick. Model calculations compare well with experimental data collected with a series of homogeneous membranes with the same chemical composition and a thickness in the range of 10-75 µm. Our results show that the classical picture that membranes should be as thin as possible (as long as they remain pinhole-free and structurally stable) is insufficient, and must be replaced by a more accurate theoretical framework.

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“…According to Equation , the decrease of the C HC leads to a lower value of C HC /C LC , which directly leads to the reduction of the OCV. In other words, with the HCC concentration increasing, the salinity gradient of the membrane increases, and the driving force increases, leading to the OCV increasing . In summary, the positive effect by the increment of OCV to the performance of the RED stack increases with the increment of the salinity gradient.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Performance parameters analysis of reverse electrodialysis process: Sensitive to the repeating unit pairs, inflow velocity and feed concentration

Tumba

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is the most promising technique based on ion exchange membranes for harvesting salinity gradient energy. In the present study aimed to explore the sensitivity of the RED stack performance, different concentrations of NaCl were prepared and used to simulate the salinity of concentrated seawater and that of river water at 298 K. Some major factors including the repeating unit pairs, the flow velocity and the feeding concentration were investigated. When the positive effect by the increase of open‐circuit voltage is greater than the negative effect caused by the increase of internal resistance, the electrical performance of RED stack is improved, and the maximum power density is increased. On the contrary, the value of maximum power density is decreased. The maximum power density reached its maximum when eight repeating units were used, and the optimum flow velocity was obtained as 0.71 cm/s. At a same concentration gradient of the feed, a lower internal resistance was observed at a higher total salinity, leading to better energy generation performance.

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Reverse electrodialysis with saline waters and concentrated brines: A laboratory investigation towards technology scale-up

Cited by 182 publications

References 35 publications

Electrodialytic Energy Storage System: Permselectivity, Stack Measurements and Life-Cycle Analysis

Electrodialytic Energy Storage System: Permselectivity, Stack Measurements and Life-Cycle Analysis

Nernst-Planck transport theory for (reverse) electrodialysis: III. Optimal membrane thickness for enhanced process performance

Performance parameters analysis of reverse electrodialysis process: Sensitive to the repeating unit pairs, inflow velocity and feed concentration

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