Review Article: Intramural Bronchogenic Cysts in the Pediatric Population

Abstract

A bronchogenic cyst is a rare congenital malformation. It occurs due to the development of buds in any part of the tracheobronchial area. It can also lead to fatal complications, especially in the early stages of life. However, data on its diagnosis and treatment are scarce, owing to the rarity of the disease. This review article aimed at evaluating the literature on the manifestations of intramural bronchogenic cysts in the pediatric population. Medical databases were examined thoroughly to explore eligible articles for inclusion. Twenty-three articles appeared in the search result. The produced reports were evaluated against the predecided inclusion criteria. After reviewing the literature, eight articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. The included articles were published between 2000 and 2020. An intramural bronchogenic cyst is a rare condition that should not be neglected in a differential diagnosis. Surgical excision is currently the recommended management strategy. Further extensive studies about the management of the complications of intramural bronchogenic cysts are needed.

A 4-Month-Old Girl with Persistent Respiratory Distress and Multiple Admissions to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Due to a Congenital Bronchogenic Cyst

“…They account for approximately 71% of all intrathoracic foregut cysts [ 8 ]. Cystic lesions can be a result of abnormal budding of the foregut or the tracheobronchial tree, and manifest differently depending on their location [ 1 ]. After the first effective surgical intervention of bronchogenic cysts, they were grouped according to their anatomical distribution into paratracheal, carinal, hilar, paraoesophageal, and miscellaneous [ 3 ].…”

“…Bronchogenic cyst is a rare benign congenital malformation that occurs due to development of buds in any part of the tracheobronchial area early in pregnancy [ 1 ]. The cyst’s location is determined by the embryological stage at which the defect occurs.…”

“…The cyst’s location is determined by the embryological stage at which the defect occurs. They can be found in the mediastinum, pulmonary parenchyma, and, rarely, the abdominal area and skin [ 1 ]. The incidence rate is about 1/42 000 to 1/68 000 individuals, but the epidemiology is unclear [ 2 ].…”

“…The incidence rate is about 1/42 000 to 1/68 000 individuals, but the epidemiology is unclear [ 2 ]. Prenatally, bronchogenic cysts can be identified as unilocular fluid-filled cysts using ultrasonography [ 1 ]. In infancy, compression of the adjacent structures can lead to respiratory distress with recurrent cough and wheezing, whereas adults usually experience recurrent infections.…”

“…In infancy, compression of the adjacent structures can lead to respiratory distress with recurrent cough and wheezing, whereas adults usually experience recurrent infections. However, especially in adults, bronchogenic cysts can be completely asymptomatic [ 1 , 3 ]. bronchogenic cysts rarely cause symptoms in newborns, but respiratory impairment and stridor are possible manifestations [ 4 ].…”