Review: <i>The Ape and the Sushi Master</i>, by Frans de Waal

Davis, Mary J.

doi:10.2307/4451391

Cited by 1 publication

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“…As all but two of the male sex-specific reads aligned to reads within the female data sets, it was hypothesized that the two male-specific reads that did not align to female reads were the results of malespecific restriction sites rather than bulk gain or loss of sex chromosome segments. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers (Sch.182255-210250.F: 5 0 -GGGTAGCACAT TTCTGCAACC-3 0 and Sch.182255-210250.R: 5 0 -ATCAAG TACACTCTTCTCTGTTGTGCT-3 0 ) were designed using the program APE (Davis 2013) to amplify a 220-bp target containing a hypothesized male-specific MluCI restriction site in the centre of the amplification product (15-min initial denaturation at 95°C; 35 cycles: 30-s denaturation at 95°C, 30-s annealing at 56.5°C, 2-min extension at 72°C; 7-min final extension at 72°C; 0.5 lM final conc. each Primer; total volume 15 lL; Qiagen Muliplex Master Mix).…”

Section: Confirmation With Pcr and Restriction Digestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of sex‐identification markers inSebastes carnatusandSebastes chrysomelasrockfishes

2016

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Fish have evolved a variety of sex-determining (SD) systems including male heterogamy (XY), female heterogamy (ZW) and environmental SD. Little is known about SD mechanisms of Sebastes rockfishes, a highly speciose genus of importance to evolutionary and conservation biology. Here, we characterize the sex determination system in the sympatrically distributed sister species Sebastes chrysomelas and Sebastes carnatus. To identify sex-specific genotypic markers, double digest restriction site - associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) of genomic DNA from 40 sexed individuals of both species was performed. Loci were filtered for presence in all of the individuals of one sex, absence in the other sex and no heterozygosity. Of the 74 965 loci present in all males, 33 male-specific loci met the criteria in at least one species and 17 in both. Conversely, no female-specific loci were detected, together providing evidence of an XY sex determination system in both species. When aligned to a draft reference genome from Sebastes aleutianus, 26 sex-specific loci were interspersed among 1168 loci that were identical between sexes. The nascent Y chromosome averaged 5% divergence from the X chromosome and mapped to reference Sebastes genome scaffolds totalling 6.9Mbp in length. These scaffolds aligned to a single chromosome in three model fish genomes. Read coverage differences were also detected between sex-specific and autosomal loci. A PCR-RFLP assay validated the bioinformatic results and correctly identified sex of five additional individuals of known sex. A sex-determining gene in other teleosts gonadal soma-derived factor (gsdf) was present in the model fish chromosomes that spanned our sex-specific markers.

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Section: Confirmation With Pcr and Restriction Digestmentioning

confidence: 99%