Review of recent developments in distance protection of series capacitor compensated lines

Hoq, Tanbhir; Wang, Jianping; Taylor, Nathaniel

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106831

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It also includes a short review of patent activity as an indicator of one facet of the industrial interest in the subject. This complements a previous article by the authors covering the challenges and academic development in the domain of distance protection of series compensated lines [8].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Distance Protection of Series Capacitor Compensated Lines: Practical Considerations, Industrial Status and Development

Hoq

Taylor

2021

Electricity

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The introduction of series capacitors in transmission lines causes problems in terms of reliability and the security of distance protection relays. As distance protection is widely used in the transmission network, the challenge of applying it to series compensated lines has been taken up by utilities and relay manufacturers in various ways. In the field of power system protection, developments are largely driven by relay manufacturers, and are often not published in the academic literature; the status and trend of the relay manufacturer’s development are better found in their product manuals and patent activity. Further insight into specific implementations by transmission utilities can be found from publications in industry-led forums and some academic journals. This article surveys the status and development of distance protection for series compensated lines, with a focus on industrial implementation and practical considerations. Factors that influence the protection of series compensated lines are presented. Implementation examples reported by utilities are summarized as examples of the different situations encountered and the methods used to deal with them. It is observed that many utilities use communication-aided protection in series compensated lines, and distance protection is used with reduced reach. Solutions described in relay manuals are presented to demonstrate the manufacturers’ approaches to problems associated with series capacitor protection. While there are methods to counter voltage inversion, current inversion seems to represent a more serious challenge. A patent overview indicates the trends in this domain to be moving towards time-domain-based faster protection methods.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Series capacitors also create challenges for protection schemes [2,8]. Distance protection is the most widely used principle for transmission line protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distance Protection of Series Capacitor Compensated Lines: Practical Considerations, Industrial Status and Development

Hoq

Taylor

2021

Electricity

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“…There has been a lot of work in the past few decades on mitigating these issues in traditional distance protection, focused on the frequency domain [7], [8]. One approach was to estimate the voltage across the MOV and capacitor during a fault, based on modeling.…”

Section: A Challenges In the Protection Of Series Compensated Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining fault direction is a crucial part of the protection of series compensated lines, as voltage and current inversion pose challenges for phasor-based distance protection [8].…”

Section: Directional Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Incremental Quantity Based Distance Protection With Capacitor Voltage Estimation for Series Compensated Transmission Lines

2021

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Series capacitors increase the power transfer limit of transmission lines. However, the protection of series compensated lines using only local measurement is challenging. Phasor based distance protection experiences delay and directional problems in the presence of a series capacitor. This paper presents an incremental quantity based distance protection algorithm for series compensated lines. The algorithm uses instantaneous voltage and current measurement from the local bus. It consists of capacitor voltage estimation, fault detection, phase selection, directional discrimination and distance estimation. The algorithm is extensively tested based on simulations with a line-end series capacitor, considering different source impedance ratios, fault inception angle, compensation levels, and fault resistance, location and type. This time-domain method is shown to work well, with fast decision time.

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“…There is demand for a protection scheme that can work with only local measurements in series compensated lines. The increasing time requirement on protection relays along with the inherent delay in phasor based protection algorithms is pushing towards time-domain protection solutions [8]. This has been observed in both academic and industrial literature [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

An incremental quantity based protection with capacitor voltage estimation for mid-line series compensation

2022

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Series capacitors are installed in transmission lines to increase power transfer capacity. However, their addition creates challenges for the line protection. Security and speed of phasor based protection sc hemes that work with local measurements (communication independent) are severely affected in the presence of series capacitors. Therefore, time -domain based protection methods may be considered as a potential solution for communication independent protection of series compensated lines. In this paper, an incremental quantity based protection scheme is presented for series compensated lines with the capacitor in the middle of the line. The method involves estimating the voltage across the capacitor bank, based on the current in the capacitor bank and metal oxide varistor during faults . Then this capacitor voltage estimation is used to implement the incremental quantity protection. The incremental quantity method consists of fault detection, phase selection, directional discrimination and distance estimation. A PSCAD model of a 500 kV, 200 km transmission line is used to simulate fault cases for evaluating the method. The proposed method is tested with different compensation levels, fault types, fault positions, inception angles, fault resistances and source impedance ratios. The results show that the proposed method can meet the dependability and security demands for the protection of series compensated lines.

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Review of recent developments in distance protection of series capacitor compensated lines

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Distance Protection of Series Capacitor Compensated Lines: Practical Considerations, Industrial Status and Development

Distance Protection of Series Capacitor Compensated Lines: Practical Considerations, Industrial Status and Development

An Incremental Quantity Based Distance Protection With Capacitor Voltage Estimation for Series Compensated Transmission Lines

An incremental quantity based protection with capacitor voltage estimation for mid-line series compensation

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