Review on Biodegradable Kitchen Waste Management

Abstract

With the rapid urbanization managing of the kitchen waste generated by the large population has become a big problem. Kitchen wastes comprises of vegetables peels, fruit peels, smashed fibre of fruits, spare uneaten food items, food grains etc. These are loaded with nutrients and organic material, and can be easily recycled. In recent years, researchers have explored the various methods of extraction of biogases like Hydrogen, Methane, etc. from these biodegradable wastes. This paper reviews the various research works carried out on the synthesis of kitchen waste using anaerobic digestion process, biomethanation or composting. Hydrogen, a valuable gas is produced through the anaerobic fermentation of domestic organic waste in the absence of pretreatment or photo-fermentation, or bioaugmentation of indigenous fermentative communities. Chronological dark and photo fermentation process is also an emerging way studied for production of bio-hydrogen using kitchen waste. Esterification and hydrolysis process has also been utilized to synthesize kitchen waste forming Lactic acid. Thermo-chemical Hydrolysis of Kitchen Waste through optimization of temperature, time and chemical compositions, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, microaeration process are studied resulting in bio-fuel production. Methane formation combining Kitchen Waste and black water using two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) septic tanks at the lower temperatures has also been studied and it appears to be more efficient than using only Black Water. Organic acids produced from anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste using an integrated method consisting of freezing, thawing, centrifugation, filtration and evaporation. Thus this review paper deals with the study of various methodologies of kitchen waste utilization.