Review on Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes

Abstract

With the improvement of living standards, everybody is very much conscious about the environmental protection and health safety. Natural dyes have attracted more attention to the industry due to exhibiting better biodegradability and more compatibility with the environment. Characteristic colours that are gathered from common assets can be categorized as either plant, creature, mineral, or microbial colours and can be used for colouring a wide range of regular filaments. Late examination shows that it can likewise be utilized to colour a portion of the manufactured filaments too. Normal colours are not just utilized in the shading of material filaments, they are also utilized for food, prescriptions, handiwork articles, and leather preparing. Extraction and purification play a vital role in the processing of natural dyes. There are different types of extraction process currently available for these natural dyes, such as solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction and fermentation, extraction with microwave or ultrasonic energy, supercritical fluid extraction, and alkaline or acid extraction. All these extraction processes have their own advantages as well as some drawbacks depending on the parameters that need to be maintained during the extraction process. Appropriate extraction can be beneficial for specific types of such dyes. In this paper, the classification, characteristics, extraction methods, and the application of natural dyes are introduced in an organized manner.

Ev Teksti̇l Ürünleri̇ Özeli̇nde Eki̇nezya Ve Eveli̇k Tohumu İle Pamuklu Kumaşlarin Nano Mordanlar Kullanilarak Renklendi̇ri̇lebi̇li̇rli̇ği̇ni̇n Araştirilmasi

“…Tekstil ürünlerinin boyanması için kullanılan boyalar, doğal ve sentetik olmak üzere iki ana kategoriye ayrılabilir [1]. Bu kategoriler arasında kıyas yapıldığında çevre bilincinin artmasıyla birlikte doğal boyarmaddelere olan talepte artmıştır [2].…”

Pomegranate fallen leaves as a source of natural dye for mordant‐free dyeing of wool

“…This can be enhanced by employing eco-friendly extraction methods and preparation of uniform dye extracts (in solid or liquid form) and precise optimisation of dyeing procedures by statistical methods. [5][6][7][8] Several approaches have been studied to improve the sorption of natural dyes by textile fibres without the use of metal mordants. Application of plasma, 9,10 bio-mordants, 11,12 chitosan, 13 cationising agents, 14 ultrasound 15,16 and microwave 17,18 are among the most studied methods for elimination of metal mordants from natural dyeing processes.…”

“…The other important problem is the weak reproducibility of natural dyeing processes which is mainly due to the changes in dye source and lack of optimisation in the dyeing procedures. This can be enhanced by employing eco‐friendly extraction methods and preparation of uniform dye extracts (in solid or liquid form) and precise optimisation of dyeing procedures by statistical methods 5–8 . Several approaches have been studied to improve the sorption of natural dyes by textile fibres without the use of metal mordants.…”

Impact of MW rays on extraction and application of Ficus religiosa bark based natural colourant for cotton dyeing

“…5 Many world protection associations and institutions are spreading awareness to stop the frequent use of such carcinogens, and to spend money to introduce sustainable products in all walks of life. 6,7…”