Review on life cycle environmental effects of geothermal power generation

Bayer, Peter; Rybach, Ladislaus; Blum, Philipp; Brauchler, R.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.039

Cited by 197 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…These sustainability issues are typically classified at a local scale; it must be stressed that these issues have been largely mitigated by correct cultivation of the reservoir and by the introduction of emissions treatment [3]. However, also from the global climate point of view, GECS provide a contribution which can be quantified at an average of about 122 g CO2/kWh (with much larger values possible depending on the specific site and on the conversion technology [4,5]). The fact that the source of the emission is natural is undeniable; however, the release of CO2 with the NCGs takes place at high concentrations (exceeding 90%) and inside industrial areas (typically at the cooling tower), which would render attractive the application of carbon sequestration and storage (CCS), or at least of "avoiding emissions".…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general matter of the environmental sustainability of GECSs has been addressed using life cycle analysis as an evaluation tool [4,[6][7][8]; specific studies have been applied to enhanced geothermal systems [9] or small hybrid solar/geothermal energy conversion systems [10]. Recent studies [4,6] confirm that only complete reinjection of NCGs would provide a positive answer in terms of definite improvement of the sustainability issue-bearing in mind that any human activity produces effects on the environment, and that the question is rather that of conjugating sustainable development with documented and transparent policies, rather than pursuing an unachievable objective of zero environmental balance.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies [4,6] confirm that only complete reinjection of NCGs would provide a positive answer in terms of definite improvement of the sustainability issue-bearing in mind that any human activity produces effects on the environment, and that the question is rather that of conjugating sustainable development with documented and transparent policies, rather than pursuing an unachievable objective of zero environmental balance.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the Environmental Sustainability of Flash Geothermal Power Plants—A Case Study

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The sustainability of geothermal energy production is analyzed with reference to a production plant located in a specific area (Monte Amiata, Italy). Four solutions combining a flash power plant with an Organic Rankine Cycle in a hybrid configuration are analyzed in terms of production of electricity, exergy balance and emissions level (CO2, H2S, Hg). The different solutions correspond to increasing environmental performance, and for the most advanced case achieve near-zero emissions (complete reinjection of the natural resource, including incondensable gases). The results show that this can be achieved at the price of a progressive reduction of electrical productivity.

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the Environmental Sustainability of Flash Geothermal Power Plants—A Case Study

et al. 2015

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“…Geothermal heat pumps have a lot of advantages over standard heating and/or cooling systems such as gas or oil boilers and cooling machines which render them sustainable [1,2]. They allow large primary energy savings (e.g., [3,4]), strong reductions of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases emissions ( [2,5] and references therein), and the use of energy stored in the subsurface (soil or groundwater).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Methods for Monitoring Temperature Changes in Shallow Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems

Hermans

Nguyen

Robert³

et al. 2014

Energies

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Low enthalpy geothermal systems exploited with ground source heat pumps or groundwater heat pumps present many advantages within the context of sustainable energy use. Designing, monitoring and controlling such systems requires the measurement of spatially distributed temperature fields and the knowledge of the parameters governing groundwater flow (permeability and specific storage) and heat transport (thermal conductivity and volumetric thermal capacity). Such data are often scarce or not available. In recent years, the ability of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), self-potential method (SP) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) to monitor spatially and temporally temperature changes in the subsurface has been investigated. We review the recent advances in using these three methods for this type of shallow applications. A special focus is made regarding the petrophysical relationships and on underlying assumptions generally needed for a quantitative interpretation of these geophysical data. We show that those geophysical methods are mature to be used within the context of temperature monitoring and that a combination of them may be the best choice regarding control and validation issues. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2014, 7 5084

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“…obtener vapor de proceso y energía térmica para calefacción o para generar energía motriz en una turbina de vapor [1][2][3][4][5]. Las centrales geotermoeléctricas son plantas térmicas que garantizan una producción constante de potencia eléctrica, debido al recurso comprobado de energía térmica en las cavidades de la tierra donde se instala la central, que asegurará una vida útil de producción de 20 años.…”

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Análisis paramétrico de las centrales geotermoeléctricas: Vapor seco, cámara flash y ciclos híbridos

Pereyra

Mora

Bonilla-Blancas³

et al. 2017

DYNA

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The thermodynamic analysis of the geothermal power plants with dry vapor, flash steam and hybrid cycles in function to the geothermal resource conditions and the pressure of the first flash chamber was made, considering the steam quality of the last stage of expansion as operating limit constraint; obtaining the specific work curves of the steam turbines and the temperature profiles of the binary cycle. For saturated steam configurations, the arrangement with three flash cameras presents the highest thermal and exergy efficiency, and steam turbines specific work, for example at a temperature of 200 ° C, the maximum work generated is 80.11 kJ / kg with a pressure of the first flash chamber of 6.0 bar, thermal and exergetic efficiency of 10.7% and 44.0% respectively, this is mainly due to the increase of steam enthalpy and exergy.Keywords: Steam turbines; flash geothermal; thermodynamic analysis.Análisis paramétrico de las centrales geotermoeléctricas: Vapor seco, cámara flash y ciclos híbridos ResumenEn este trabajo se presenta el análisis termodinámico de las centrales geotérmicas con configuraciones de vapor seco, cámaras flash y ciclos híbridos en función de las condiciones del recurso geotérmico y la presión de la primera cámara flash, considerando la calidad del vapor de la última etapa de expansión como restricción límite de operación; se obtienen las curvas de trabajo de las turbinas de vapor y los perfiles de temperatura del ciclo binario. Para las configuraciones con vapor húmedo, el arreglo con tres cámaras flash presenta la mayor eficiencia térmica, exergética y de trabajo de las turbinas de vapor, por ejemplo para una temperatura de 200°C, el máximo trabajo generado es de 80.11 kJ/kg con una presión de la primera cámara flash de 6.0 bar, la eficiencia térmica y exergética de 10.7% y 44.0% respectivamente, esto se debe principalmente al aprovechamiento del aumento de la entalpía y exergía del vapor.Palabras clave: Geotermoeléctrica; turbinas de vapor; análisis termodinámico.

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Review on life cycle environmental effects of geothermal power generation

Cited by 197 publications

References 64 publications

Improving the Environmental Sustainability of Flash Geothermal Power Plants—A Case Study

Improving the Environmental Sustainability of Flash Geothermal Power Plants—A Case Study

Geophysical Methods for Monitoring Temperature Changes in Shallow Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems

Análisis paramétrico de las centrales geotermoeléctricas: Vapor seco, cámara flash y ciclos híbridos

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