Review on Nanomaterial (Nms): Classification, Synthesis by Biological Methods, Sources of Toxic Nps and Health Effects, Toxicity, and Regulations

Abstract

The recent past in the technological development evidenced has evolution in Nanotechnology and nanoscience is the key factor. Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. Due to increased production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The review presents an overview of the definitions for the scientific terms and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs (nanoparticles) and NMs, natural to synthetic, and their sources of toxic. Additionally, naturally produced nanomaterials with nano-organisms, the health effects and toxicity of nanomaterials were reviewed.