Review on Recent Progress in Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Diverse Applications

Abstract

Diverse applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have revolutionized various sectors in society. In the recent decade, particularly magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained enormous interest owing to their applications in specialized areas such as medicine, cancer theranostics, biosensing, catalysis, agriculture, and the environment. Controlled surface engineering for the design of multi-functional MNPs is vital for achieving desired application. The MNPs have demonstrated great efficacy as thermoelectric materials, imaging agents, drug delivery vehicles, and biosensors. In the present review, first we have briefly discussed main synthetic methods of MNPs, followed by their characterizations and composition. Then we have discussed the potential applications of MNPs in different with representative examples. At the end, we gave an overview on the current challenges and future prospects of MNPs. This comprehensive review not only provides the mechanistic insight into the synthesis, functionalization, and application of MNPs but also outlines the limits and potential prospects.

Magnetic Nanomaterials as Biocatalyst Carriers for Biomass Processing: Immobilization Strategies, Reusability, and Applications

“…Physical methods are based on two different approaches: "top-down", where bulk materials are broken into nano-sized particles, such as ball milling, and "bottom-up", where nano-scaled particles are obtained by, for example, laser evaporation. Chemical methods are primarily based on bottom-up approaches [9]. Co-precipitation is the most frequently used to produce MNPs with controlled size and magnetic properties.…”

“…For a more in-depth study of magnetic nanoparticle characterization, the reader is referred to [9,25,26].…”

Magnetic Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment: Advancements in Their Synthesis Methods

“…In addition, Teja et al [ 50 ] summarized the synthesis methods of iron oxides and categorized them, according to phase of synthesis media, such as gas phase, liquid phase, and two-phase methods, for the same scientific area. Synthesis methods of magnetic particles, sub-divided using more specific terminology, were found in some review articles [ 51 , 52 ]. Akbarzadeh et al [ 53 ] focused on magnetic particles for biomedicines.…”

Nanocomposite Obtained in the Plasma of a Pulsed High Voltage Discharge Using Nickel Electrodes and PTFE

“…Much attention to such samples is due to the fact that nanoparticles have unique properties [1] - [5]. These properties can be individually manifested or make their own special contribution to the properties of nanocomposites [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In this work, we synthesized and studied a nanocomposite containing nickel fluoride nanoparticles with a size of about 5 nm scattered in a nanosized carbon-fluorocarbon matrix.…”

“…To obtain the samples, containing nanoparticles NiF2, we used a pulsed high-voltage discharge plasma initiated between nickel electrodes with PTFE material placed in the plasma [15,16]. There are various other ways to obtain nanoparticles of NiF2 and other fluorides [4,10,11], [17] - [19]. The inconvenient features of obtaining fluorides are the use in different cases of aggressive fluorine, hydrofluoric acid, or fluorides of various metals, work with solutions of chemical substances, and the use of special nanoporous matrices in which nanoparticles are formed.…”