Review on the Processes for the Recovery of Rare Earth Metals (REMs) from Secondary Resources

Kumari, Archana; Jha, Manis Kumar; Pathak, Devendra Deo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72350-1_5

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…neodymium magnets) are used for an extended period of time before again being included into the recycling procedure. However, end-of-life products increasingly gain importance as a sole or main means of source for raw materials (Binnemans et al, 2013;Blanchette and Lund, 2016;Li et al, 2017;Jowitt et al, 2018;Kumari et al, 2018).…”

Section: Importance In Modern Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…REEs are critical components in the production of technology and are rising in importance, due to the use in "green technology," and further technological advances will keep pushing the demand in REEs and even exceed the current supply within the next few years, unrelated to the export restrictions from China. The only feasible solution from this point on would be the substitution of rare earth metals through the efficient recycling of REEcontaining materials (Binnemans et al, 2013;Krishnamurthy and Gupta, 2015;Kumari et al, 2018).…”

Section: Importance In Modern Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporation of ionic rare earth elements as a form of microbial environmental remediation

Rassy

Ripper

Pomare

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Modern society is heavily dependent on critical raw materials, such as rare earth elements (REEs), for use in electronic devices. The increasing demand for these materials has led to the need for environmentally friendly methods of processing non-recycled materials from e-waste and wastewater, as well as waste streams from cleaning and manufacturing facilities. Modern society’s dependence on such materials is growing by the day, and with it, the need for environmentally friendly processing of non-recycled materials from e-waste and wastewater in the form of “end-of-life” products, as well as waste streams from cleaning and manufacturing facilities, also increases. As these are problematic indications for modern isolation methods in the industry, these sources may be more suitable for new techniques as they have low concentration and high throughput for bioaccumulation. Chemical methods using nanomaterials are already being tested for their possibilities but still depend on acids and harsh chemicals. Microorganisms, on the other hand, can adsorb/absorb REEs in a more ecological way. Previous studies could already show that it is possible to accumulate REEs in the precipitates of bacterial cultures spiked with REEs to a value of over 50%. However, the question arose whether rare earths were spun into the pellets by centrifugation, adsorbed, or really incorporated in the cells. Therefore, we established a new easy-to-use experimental design in which the microorganisms were spiked with an REE standard and washed to minimize the falsification of measurements by peripheral binding of ions before being analyzed for REE contents by ICP-OES. The bioaccumulation of rare earths in microorganisms was monitored, yielding an uptake rate of up to 53.12% of the overall present ionic REE concentration. In this manuscript, we present the different concentration measurements that were taken during the process, before and after washing of the cells, to create a full picture of the localization, binding, incorporation, and occurrence of the ions of interest. The setup also showed a correlation between the introduction method of rare earths and the uptake of certain elements that might be correlated with the differentiation between light and heavy rare earth elements, while Y and Sc often seem to represent outliers.

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Section: Importance In Modern Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importance In Modern Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of ionic rare earth elements as a form of microbial environmental remediation

Rassy

Ripper

Pomare

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Vanadium exists in pentavalent form in RM leachate, is toxic, and is a possible human carcinogen [69][70][71]. Among the REEs in RM, scandium attracts the attention of many researchers because scandium accounts for more than 90% of REEs with economic value present in RM [72,73]. According to the properties and processing technology of bauxite, the content of Sc 2 O 3 in RM ranges from 0.004-0.01 wt % [74].…”

Section: Recovery Of Titanium Vanadium and Rare-earth Elements (Reementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud and Prospect Analysis

et al. 2019

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Red mud (RM) is a by-product of extracting of alumina from bauxite. Red mud contains high quantities of alkali-generating minerals and metal ions, which can cause significant environmental damage. Many valuable components such as rare-earth elements, Al, and Fe, in RM are difficult to be utilized owing to their particle size and alkalinity. Thus, developing an economical and efficient technology to consume a large amount of RM can efficiently solve RM disposal issues. This paper systematically reviews the comprehensive utilization methods for reducing RM environmental pollution and divides the comprehensive utilization of RM into three aspects: the effective extraction of valuable components, resource transformation, and environmental application. Based on resource, economic, and environmental benefits, the development of new technologies and new processes with market competitiveness, environmental protection, and ecological balance should be the prerequisite for the low-energy, low-pollution, low-cost, and high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of RM. The direction of future research to solve RM disposal issues is also suggested.

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“…Rare earth elements (REE) are indispensable strategic resources in the eld of science and technology (Liang et al, 2018;Du et al, 2020). Because of their unique physical and chemical properties, they are widely used in the development of materials in the elds of light, electricity and magnetism (Kumari et al, 2018). In the process of using REE, if rare earth products are not properly disposed of, they will inevitably damage the environment (Cao et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of imprinted bacterial cellulose aerogel for efficient recovery of Er(III) from end-of-life erbium-doped fibers

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Selective recovery of high value rare earth elements from end-of-life rare earth products is an economical and environmental measure. In this study, we used bio-based material (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-mediated bacterial cellulose) as the substrate material to construct a highly elastic imprinted bacterial cellulose aerogel (BCP-I) in synergy with chitosan (CS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) for highly selective adsorption Er(III). CS and PEI contain abundant functional monomers, which can cooperate with bacterial cellulose and Er(III) to construct more imprinting sites, which not only improves the adsorption performance of BCP-I, but also makes the aerogel more stable. In order to analyze physical and chemical properties of aerogels, it was characterized by scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectrometer and thermogravimetric analysis. Adsorption experiments showed that BCP-I had a good adsorption effect on Er(III), and the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 95.99 mg g− 1. Cyclic experiments show that the adsorption property of BCP-I is still in good condition. All in all, BCP-I with environment-friendliness, high selectivity and good reproducibility is a good choice for recovery of Er(III).

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Review on the Processes for the Recovery of Rare Earth Metals (REMs) from Secondary Resources

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Incorporation of ionic rare earth elements as a form of microbial environmental remediation

Incorporation of ionic rare earth elements as a form of microbial environmental remediation

A Review on Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud and Prospect Analysis

Preparation and characterization of imprinted bacterial cellulose aerogel for efficient recovery of Er(III) from end-of-life erbium-doped fibers

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