Review on trypanosomiasis and their prevalence in some country on the Red Sea

Abstract

Trypanosomiasis is a protozoan infection affecting both human and animals in almost all parts of the world. It can affect a very large range of domestic and wild hosts including camelids, equines, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs and other carnivores, deer, gazelles and elephants. This review paper was designed to address the effect of this economically important disease in countries on the Red Sea, especially in Egypt, Sudan, Somalia, and Saudi Arabia during the period 2010 to 2020. The prevalence of trypanosomiasis is different between these countries due to different types of diagnostic methods (Giemsa-stained blood smears, Hematocrit centrifugation, Serological test, and molecular analysis PCR) used and differential distribution of vector (Tse tse) flies. In current review, retrospective studies of published literature on distribution and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in the Red Sea Countries was conducted [Google Scholar and PubMed were used to retrieve the published literature from 2000-2020. A total of 77 published articles met the eligibility criteria and were reviewed. A total of 16 reports have been reported on the prevalence and distribution of Trypnosoma evansi infection in the Red Sea Countries have been from 2010-2020]. According to the published literature, we can say that trypanosomiasis in camels are more prevalent in Sudan than in other countries, followed by 17% and 51.78% in both clinical and non-clinical cases. Hence, the reliable diagnostic tests should be used for rapid treatment or control of the disease as if not treated appropriately in early-stage, can lead to death of the camels.

Trypanosoma evansi Infection in Sumba Horses in East Sumba Regency : A Study at BBVet Denpasar

“…Apart from di erences in the diagnostic methods used and the location of the sampling site, the presence of the y vector plays a crucial role. Environmental conditions that are suitable for vector development, such as humidity and temperature that are ideal for y growth, season, density, and how animals are kept, are the determining factors in increasing trypanosomiasis cases (Sumbria et al, 2017;Okello et al, 2022;Algehani et al, 2023).…”

Histological and Immunohistochemical Assays of <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> Infected Camel Hepatic Tissues

“…This condition causes significant productivity losses worldwide and, if not treated in time, can be fatal [11]. Due to variations in diagnostic techniques (blood smears stained with Giemsa, hematocrit centrifugation, serologic testing, and a more recent method of molecular analysis using PCR), trypanosomiasis is more or less common in various Red Sea countries [12]. The goal of the current research was to examine the histological changes in the livers of Trypanosoma infected camels from the Saudi Arabian Al-Madinah region.…”