Review: Recent progress in fluorescent molecular systems for the detection of disease-related biomarkers in biofluids

Next-Generation Femtech: Urine-Based Cervical Cancer Diagnosis Using a Fluorescent Biothiol Probe with Controlled Smiles Rearrangement

“…The NPSseries (NPS-A, -B, and -C) was prepared from 3fluorobenzene-1,2-diamine using three steps synthesis: (i) selenadiazole ring formation via the reduction of SeO 2 with a reaction of diamine, (ii) nitration reaction using the product of (i), and (iii) nucleophilic substitution reaction targeting the hydroxy group in various aromatic substitutes, with DIPEA. The NPO-series and NPS-series were verified by 1 H/ 13 C/ 19 F NMR, and MS (Supporting Figures, ESI).…”

“…Experimental details; absorption and emission spectra; analysis of peak area in LC; DFT calculations; FTIS analysis; and 1 H/ 13…”

“…In this work, we introduced a novel femtech, which is a simple, straightforward, and readily applicable urine-based diagnostic method for cervical cancer, using a fluorescent biothiol probe (Figure b). Many reports for fluorescence sensing of biomarkers containing biothiol in urine samples have been disclosed. − Among them, the monitoring of biothiol has gained significance in the clinical diagnosis fields as the thiol group (-SH) is highly associated with the antioxidant process during the early stage of various diseases, such as neurological disorders, stress-induced disorders, and cancer. − Biothiols comprise three distinct entities: cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) . Given the need to precisely monitor each thiol group, differentiating Cys from Hcy within the thiol mixture presents a challenge due to their structural resemblance.…”

Improved emission performance of benzo[a]phenoxazine in aqueous solution through host–guest interaction

“…Fluorescent probes are widely employed as fluorescence indicators due to their advantages of fast detection, absence of radiation, and real-time processing. [1][2][3] Nevertheless, the presence of water as a common quencher 4 and the ability of polar solvents to stabilize the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state result in a low fluorescence quantum yield of these probes in aqueous solution. 5 This limitation hinders the application of fluorescent probes in aqueous solution and biological systems.…”

Sensitivity-Enhancing Strategies of Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Biomarker Detection

“…However, these minor changes need to be detected in complex biological microenvironments with a broad range of interference, including nucleic acid (DNA) sequences, proteins, small molecules, and inorganic ions. Hence, ultrasensitive and unparalleled specificity diagnostic tools are required for quantified detection. − Several analysis techniques including lateral flow immunoassay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been widely used in clinical diagnosis. − However, these techniques suffer from temporal heterogeneities, complex pretreatment processes, and time-consuming nucleic acid amplification. By comparison, electrical sensing technology has attracted extensive interest due to its label-free, real-time, and easily operated detection capability.…”