Review—Trends in Recent Developments in Electrochemical Sensors for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Water Resources and Catchment Areas

Abstract

In recent years the scientific community showed an increasing interest for implementing new, rapid, sensitive and cheaper detection methods that are far better than the classical methods of quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially with the progress in synthesis of nanomaterials that can be successfully used for the design of electrochemical sensors. This review aims to discuss the latest research activities of the last five years regarding the electrochemical sensing for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous resources and catchment areas.

Sowing kernels for food safety: Importance of rapid on‐site detction of pesticide residues in agricultural foods

“…Smartphones and integrated electrochemical devices are designated as POC technological platforms for on-site recognition of chemical pesticides (Comnea-Stancu et al, 2021;Gu et al, 2022;Umapathi, Ghoreishian, et al, 2022;.…”

“…Despite their low LOD and significant reproducibility, the aforementioned shortcomings of conventional techniques can lead to large mistakes during the detection of pesticide residues. Most importantly, conventional techniques are less applicable in developing countries or rural areas, where foodborne diseases are prevalent (Ajiboye et al., 2022; J. R. Choi et al., 2019; Comnea‐Stancu et al., 2021; Ganie et al., 2022; Lu et al., 2019; Mali et al., 2022; Meijer et al., 2021; Selahle et al., 2021; Umapathi et al., 2021; Umapathi, Ghoreishian, et al., 2022; Umapathi, Park, et al., 2022). To some extent, the limitations associated with conventional pesticide‐screening techniques have been resolved by combining substrate matrices and target analytes with structurally modified materials, functionalized nanoparticles, and engineered nanomaterials.…”

“…Compared with traditional detection strategies, the use of POC technologies for on‐site monitoring of hazardous pesticide components shows important advantages with respect to the levels of automation, miniaturization, integration, turnaround velocity, input consumption, reliability, size of throughput, ease of use, precision, and early detection of pesticide residues in foods. Additionally, their immense compatibility with various sensing readout systems has greatly contributed to the increasing demand for POC technologies (Comnea‐Stancu et al., 2021; Kalyani et al., 2020; Lu et al., 2019; Meenu et al., 2021; Sohrabi et al., 2021; Umapathi et al., 2021; Umapathi, Ghoreishian, et al., 2022; Umapathi, Park, et al., 2022; Visciano & Schirone, 2020; Wei et al., 2018; T. Yan et al., 2021). Each assay can be systematically tailored to the specifications of the user and the type of component to be detected.…”

Methodological Approaches for Monitoring Five Major Food Safety Hazards Affecting Food Production in the Galicia–Northern Portugal Euroregion

“…Therefore, although the HPLC and GC methodologies satisfy the legislation requirements, alternative methods have been proposed that are less time consuming, inexpensive, and have improved sensitivity. Among the different analytical techniques, we can highlight fluorescence spectrophotometry, SERS, and electrochemistry [ 153 ].…”

“…Electrochemical-based PAH sensors have been intensively developed in consideration of the relatively low cost, simplicity, and portability of the instrumentation, as recently reviewed by Comnea-Stancu et al [ 153 ]. Among the different measurable parameters, potentiometry, voltammetry, coulometry, electrical conductance/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and voltammetric methods have become the most popular [ 154 ].…”