Revisão: funcionamento executivo e uso de maconha

Almeida, Priscila Previato; Novaes, Maria Alice Fontes Pinto; Bressan, Rodrigo A.; Lacerda, Acioly Luiz Tavares de

doi:10.1590/s1516-44462008000100013

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Executive functioning (EF) plays a role in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUD; Almeida et al, 2008). EF includes processes such as planning, organization, decision-making, set shifting and maintenance, working memory, and the like (Lezak et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ADHD and cannabis use on executive functioning in young adults

Tamm

Epstein

Medina

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cannabis use are each associated with specific cognitive deficits. Few studies have investigated the neurocognitive profile of individuals with both an ADHD history and regular cannabis use. The greatest cognitive impairment is expected among ADHD Cannabis Users compared to those with ADHD-only, Cannabis use-only, or neither. Methods Young adults (24.2±1.2 years) with a childhood ADHD diagnosis who did (n=42) and did not (n=45) report past year ≥ monthly cannabis use were compared on neuropsychological measures to a local normative comparison group (LNCG) who did (n=20) and did not (n=21) report past year regular cannabis use. Age, gender, IQ, socioeconomic status, and past year alcohol and smoking were statistical covariates. Results The ADHD group performed worse than LNCG on verbal memory, processing speed, cognitive interference, decision-making, working memory, and response inhibition. No significant effects for cannabis use emerged. Interactions between ADHD and cannabis were non-significant. Exploratory analyses revealed that individuals who began using cannabis regularly before age 16 (n=27) may have poorer executive functioning (i.e., decision-making, working memory, and response inhibition), than users who began later (n=32); replication is warranted with a larger sample. Conclusions A childhood diagnosis of ADHD, but not cannabis use in adulthood, was associated with executive dysfunction. Earlier initiation of cannabis use may be linked to poor cognitive outcomes and a significantly greater proportion of the ADHD group began using cannabis before age 16. Regular cannabis use starting after age 16 may not be sufficient to aggravate longstanding cognitive deficits characteristic of ADHD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ADHD and cannabis use on executive functioning in young adults

Tamm

Epstein

Medina

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…There is broad consensus that cannabis intoxication often results in short-term dysfunction across a range of cognitive domains in healthy volunteers (Makela et al, 2006; Almeida et al, 2008; Hunault et al, 2009), though not all studies have been consistent in this regard (Heishman et al, 1997; Almeida et al, 2008; Hart et al, 2010). The extent to which chronic cannabis use is also associated with cognitive impairments remains less clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early cross-sectional studies reported associations between heavy chronic cannabis use and impaired verbal fluency and word recognition memory; some studies reported that these deficits persisted for just a few days following cessation of cannabis intake (Pope et al, 2001), while others suggested that these deficits persisted for a month or longer (Bolla et al, 2002; Pope et al, 2003). Research using various neuropsychological tests has confirmed that chronic cannabis use can be associated with dysfunction across a range of functions including aspects of memory, attention, inhibitory control, and executive planning (Almeida et al, 2008; Solowij and Pesa, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological deficits associated with cannabis use in young adults

Grant

Chamberlain

Schreiber

et al. 2012

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

121

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Background Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance and has been associated with cognitive impairment. It is unclear whether such impairment can occur in the absence of potential confounding influences of co-morbid axis-I disorders and use of other illicit substances. Method Young adult volunteers (18–29 years) were recruited from the general community on the basis of having no axis-I disorders or history of illicit substance use other than cannabis use. Subjects were then grouped according to presence or absence of cannabis use (>1 time/week over past 12 months). Cognition was compared between groups using selected paradigms from the CANTAB. Results Cannabis users (n=16) and controls (n=214) did not differ significantly on salient demographic characteristics. Compared to controls, cannabis users showed significant impairments on quality of decision-making (Cambridge Gamble task), and executive planning (One Touch Stockings of Cambridge task). Response inhibition, spatial working memory, and sustained attention were intact. Conclusions This study identified cognitive deficits in cannabis users even in the absence of axis-I disorders and a history of using other illicit drugs. Future work should use longitudinal designs to track whether these deficits predate cannabis use or are due to its consumption.

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“…The executive processing is related to the human ability to obtain information by different brain systems, verbal or nonverbal, and act to produce new responses 14 . Working memory and inhibitory control are two cognitive processes that underlie the executive function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Working memory and inhibitory control are two cognitive processes that underlie the executive function. The first, refers to the ability to maintain and manipulate information in short-term to generate an action in the near future; and the latter, refers to a process that aims to suppress internal or external influences that might interfere with ongoing behavioral sequence 14 . Losses in the executive control system of working memory may explain some of the cognitive and behavioral problems displayed by individuals who use multiple drugs, identified as more impulsive than the control group 15 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avaliação da memória operacional fonológica e impulsividade de usuários de drogas atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Integrada à Saúde Mental

et al. 2011

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Purpose: to evaluate the phonological working memory abilities and check possible influences of impulsivity in patients just included in treatment at the program for Alcohol and Drug users at the Center for Integrated Mental Health Care of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de São Paulo (ISCMSP -CAISM-SP, Portuguese initials). Method: 29 patients: 21 males and 8 females, drug users, 37,9 ± 10.5 years old, 10.59 ± 3.53 years of schooling; And 30 volunteers: 19 males and 11 female, 32,4 ± 11,9 years old and 11.07 ± 3.29 years of schooling, without psychiatric history or substance abuse participated freely. The individuals were asked to attend the specific evaluation, aiming to assess: 1) phonological working memory for words and pseudowords, 2) impulsivity in its second order factors (attentional impulsiveness, motor and non-planning). Results: performance in the evaluation of phonological working memory of the individuals of drug users group compared to the control group showed a reduction in both, auditory word and pseudowords span , as well as the total number of correct words and pseudowords recall. In the evaluation of impulsivity, the group of drug users showed higher scores comparing to control individuals in all subtypes of impulsivity, including the total score of impulsivity. There were no correlations between impulsivity scores and word and/ or pseudowords span. Conclusion: this pattern of responses indicates impairment in verbal working memory processing and high level of impulsivity in this population of chronic drug users. The poor performance of chronic drug users on tests of phonological working memory is probably not due to increased impulsivity observed. The present results could helptreatment strategies planning focused on the detected changes.

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Revisão: funcionamento executivo e uso de maconha

Abstract: Revisão: funcionamento executivo e uso de maconha Review: executive functioning and cannabis use

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Impact of ADHD and cannabis use on executive functioning in young adults

Impact of ADHD and cannabis use on executive functioning in young adults

Neuropsychological deficits associated with cannabis use in young adults

Avaliação da memória operacional fonológica e impulsividade de usuários de drogas atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Integrada à Saúde Mental

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