Revising the soft power concept: what are the means and mechanisms of soft power?

Rothman, Steven B.

doi:10.1080/2158379x.2011.556346

Cited by 67 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The latter was on the most basic level defined as the ability to attract others so that they want what you want. In other words, it is the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payment (Nye 2004;Rothman 2011;Udovič 2011). Soft power, as acknowledged by Nye's later works, should be understood as an empirical (positive/descriptive) rather than theoretical concept.…”

Section: Normative Power As a Concept And A Means Of State Policymentioning

confidence: 96%

“Discovering” normative power as a state strategy in the framework of security, foreign, and defense policy: the case of Japan

Zupančič

Hribernik

2014

Philippine Political Science Journal

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Various factors influence the (trans)formation of security, foreign, and defense policies of countries. One of them is normative power, a concept that has gained significance in academic debates in the last decade. However, normative power as an emerging though theoretically disputed concept remains a relatively under-researched area in academia. With the exception of research by mostly European scholars, this particularly holds true for case studies of Asian countries. This article contributes to the body of knowledge on normative power by analyzing the case study of Japan, from the standpoint of a country that has increased and then applied its normative power as an important means through which traditional (interest-based) foreign, security and defense goals can be pursued. In the analysis of Japan's aspirations to become recognized as a global normative power advocate, we analyze the impact of the end of the Cold War and the Gulf War on the country's perception of its strategic environment, and subsequent efforts to redefine its role in promoting a new norms-based framework. We also identify three areas in which Japan has been able to strengthen its hard security while simultaneously reinforcing its normative power: its security alliance with the United States, its multiand bilateral (military) cooperation with other states, and its ability to bolster both its hard and its normative power in an emerging multipolar international system.

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Section: Normative Power As a Concept And A Means Of State Policymentioning

confidence: 96%

“Discovering” normative power as a state strategy in the framework of security, foreign, and defense policy: the case of Japan

Zupančič

Hribernik

2014

Philippine Political Science Journal

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“…As a rule, this aspect of the conceptualisation is implicitly taken for granted and is rarely discussed. The few authors that address the issue directly, subscribe to the view that power relations vary on a continuum where pure soft and pure hard power occupy the two opposing poles while the multitude of residual representations populate the space in-between (Fan 2008;Rothman 2011). In unison with Nye's understanding, empirical observations of power are categorised in theory-centred research as more or less soft/hard, but not either soft or hard.…”

Section: Theory-centred Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whither soft power? Divisions, milestones, and prospects of a research programme in the making

Bakalov

2019

Journal of Political Power

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Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine Weiterverbreitung-keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Terms of use: This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Redistribution-no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, nontransferable, individual and limited right to using this document. This document is solely intended for your personal, noncommercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use.

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“…Nye argues that soft power is 'not a theory', but an 'analytical concept' (Nye 2011: 219;Rothman 2011). Recovering the working assumptions at stake in its implementation may establish grounds to develop contextually relevant measures of soft power outcomes and effects.…”

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confidence: 98%

Scope, mechanism, and outcome: arguing soft power in the context of public diplomacy

Hayden

2017

J Int Relat Dev

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Public diplomacy connotes a range of international programmes tasked with cultivating influence for nation-states. It is typically justified within the arguments that comprise the concept of 'soft power'. Soft power, however, is a vague concept, arguably, which has been difficult to implicate as pivotal to foreign policy outcomes. Yet, despite its apparent shortcomings, the concept informs a variety of nation-state and international actors in their strategic formulations. States acting on soft power tenets via a diversity of policies suggest further attention is warranted to examine how soft power is adapted to the practice of public diplomacy among different nation-states. This article draws on Stefano Guzzini's 'performative conceptual analysis' to explore how a comparative analysis of public diplomacy can account for differing articulations of soft power, and the kinds of tools that leverage communicative and cultural resources toward expected gains. The goal is to render soft power as grounded in localised, practical understandings of strategic necessity through public diplomacy tools of statecraft. Soft power is presented as an assemblage of practical reasoning that informs linkages between strategic arguments about communication power and the practice of public diplomacy.

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Revising the soft power concept: what are the means and mechanisms of soft power?

Cited by 67 publications

References 43 publications

“Discovering” normative power as a state strategy in the framework of security, foreign, and defense policy: the case of Japan

“Discovering” normative power as a state strategy in the framework of security, foreign, and defense policy: the case of Japan

Whither soft power? Divisions, milestones, and prospects of a research programme in the making

Scope, mechanism, and outcome: arguing soft power in the context of public diplomacy

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