Revisions to the extIPA chart

Ball, Martin J.; Howard, Sara; Miller, Kirk

doi:10.1017/s0025100317000147

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For articulatory parameters, we devised a simple notation system to classify jaw and lip positions on a 4-point scale ranging from closed to wide open, rounded to unrounded, or retracted to protruded, respectively. We drew on principles applied to human vowels, inspired by the descriptive system of the International Phonetic Alphabet [ 26 ] ( figure 1 ). The human system considers jaw opening and lip rounding, and we additionally distinguished lip protrusion, because we noted that chimpanzees can modify rounding independently from protrusion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chimpanzee vowel-like sounds and voice quality suggest formant space expansion through the hominoid lineage

Grawunder

Uomini

Samuni

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The origins of human speech are obscure; it is still unclear what aspects are unique to our species or shared with our evolutionary cousins, in part due to a lack of a common framework for comparison. We asked what chimpanzee and human vocal production acoustics have in common. We examined visible supra-laryngeal articulators of four major chimpanzee vocalizations (hoos, grunts, barks, screams) and their associated acoustic structures, using techniques from human phonetic and animal communication analysis. Data were collected from wild adult chimpanzees, Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Both discriminant and principal component classification procedures revealed classification of call types. Discriminating acoustic features include voice quality and formant structure, mirroring phonetic features in human speech. Chimpanzee lip and jaw articulation variables also offered similar discrimination of call types. Formant maps distinguished call types with different vowel-like sounds. Comparing our results with published primate data, humans show less F1–F2 correlation and further expansion of the vowel space, particularly for [i] sounds. Unlike recent studies suggesting monkeys achieve human vowel space, we conclude from our results that supra-laryngeal articulatory capacities show moderate evolutionary change, with vowel space expansion continuing through hominoid evolution. Studies on more primate species will be required to substantiate this. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part II)’.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chimpanzee vowel-like sounds and voice quality suggest formant space expansion through the hominoid lineage

Grawunder

Uomini

Samuni

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…This process emulated a traditional in-clinic live transcription which, as identified previously, is known to be problematic for CLP speech. CT transcribed errors using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA, [33] and the Extensions to the IPA (ExtIPA, [34]) and then classified the errors as: 1. Correct; 2.…”

Section: Live Transcriptions/observations (Ct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Real-Time Articulatory Information on Phonetic Transcription: Ultrasound-Aided Transcription in Cleft Lip and Palate Speech

Cleland

Lloyd

Campbell

et al. 2019

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Objective: This study investigated whether adding an additional modality, namely ultrasound tongue imaging, to perception-based phonetic transcription impacted on the identification of compensatory articulations and on interrater reliability. Patients and Methods: Thirty-nine English-speaking children aged 3 to 12 with cleft lip and palate (CLP) were recorded producing repetitions of /aCa/ for all places of articulation with simultaneous audio and probe-stabilised ultrasound. Three types of transcriptions were performed: 1. Descriptive observations from the live ultrasound by the clinician recording the data; 2. Ultrasound-aided transcription by two ultrasound-trained clinicians; and 3. Traditional phonetic transcription by two CLP specialists from audio recording. We compared the number of consonants identified as in error by each transcriber and then classified errors into eight different subcategories. Results: Both the ultrasound-aided and traditional transcriptions yielded similar error-detection rates, however these were significantly higher than the observations recorded live in the clinic. Interrater reliability for the ultrasound transcribers was substantial (k=0.65), compared to moderate (k=0.47) for the traditional transcribers. Ultrasound-aided transcribers were more likely to identify covert errors such as double articulations and retroflexion than the audio-only transcribers. Conclusion: Ultrasound-tongue imaging is a useful complement to traditional phonetic transcription for CLP speech.

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“…Especially the non-speechlike articulatory and airstream mechanisms required the use of diacritics. Neither the IPA nor the extIPA (Ball et al, 2018) provide a notation for lingual egressive articulations. Hence, the symbol for the corresponding click (always ingressive in speech) was used in combination with the symbol for an egressive airflow.…”

Section: Phonetic Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocal drum sounds in human beatboxing: An acoustic and articulatory exploration using electromagnetic articulography

Paroni

Bernardoni

Savariaux

et al. 2021

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Acoustic characteristics, lingual and labial articulatory dynamics, and ventilatory behaviors were studied on a beatboxer producing twelve drum sounds belonging to five main categories of his repertoire (kick, snare, hi-hat, rimshot, cymbal). Various types of experimental data were collected synchronously (respiratory inductance plethysmography, electroglottography, electromagnetic articulography, and acoustic recording). Automatic unsupervised classification was successfully applied on acoustic data with t-SNE spectral clustering technique. A cluster purity value of 94% was achieved, showing that each sound has a specific acoustic signature. Acoustical intensity of sounds produced with the humming technique was found to be significantly lower than their non-humming counterparts. For these sounds, a dissociation between articulation and breathing was observed. Overall, a wide range of articulatory gestures was observed, some of which were non-linguistic. The tongue was systematically involved in the articulation of the explored beatboxing sounds, either as the main articulator or as accompanying the lip dynamics. Two pulmonic and three non-pulmonic airstream mechanisms were identified. Ejectives were found in the production of all the sounds with bilabial occlusion or alveolar occlusion with egressive airstream. A phonetic annotation using the IPA alphabet was performed, highlighting the complexity of such sound production and the limits of speech-based annotation.

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Revisions to the extIPA chart

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Chimpanzee vowel-like sounds and voice quality suggest formant space expansion through the hominoid lineage

Chimpanzee vowel-like sounds and voice quality suggest formant space expansion through the hominoid lineage

The Impact of Real-Time Articulatory Information on Phonetic Transcription: Ultrasound-Aided Transcription in Cleft Lip and Palate Speech

Vocal drum sounds in human beatboxing: An acoustic and articulatory exploration using electromagnetic articulography

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