Revisiting architectural landmarks

Abstract

This paper discusses the urban development history of Samara and the nuances of how its urban pattern was formed. The paper highlights the key milestones in the history of the city’s development, addresses how the unplanned and planned cities were structured, and considers the city’s main historic squares. It also analyzes the part the city squares play in modern Samara. The definition of the term architectural landmark provides the basis for several primary classifications of architectural landmarks, identifying the historic landmarks of Samara. Also considered is the part that the primary architectural landmarks played in forming the historical and modern urban environment as well as how that part changed as the city grew and developed. The paper also addresses the effect that later development has had on the historic landmarks. Keywords: city, urban development, architectural landmarks, city structure, planned city.

Structure and properties of modified gypsum binder

“…The development of eco-oriented technologies for obtaining the building gypsum materials with the involvement of industrial by-products or waste is of particular relevance (Magallanes-Rivera et al, 2012;Yu and Brouwers, 2012;Padev et et al, 2011;Sakthieswaran and Sophia, 2018;Bas ¸pınar and Kahraman, 2011;Czaderna et al, 2018). Nowadays, various mineral and organic modifiers are used in material science in order to increase physical and technical properties of gypsum binders such as strength, water resistance and durability (Petropavlovskaya et al, 2018a, b;Kazanskaya and Smirnova, 2018;Shangina et al, 2017;Kosenkova et al, 2019;Kharitonov et al, 2019). Addition of such modifiers leads to a change in the morphology of crystalline hydrates creating conditions for SASBE 10,4…”

Optimization of repair mortar used in masonry restoration

“…The requirement of compatibility between the artificial or natural stones and the restoration materials is paramount when choosing the restoration material (Schueremans et al, 2011;Sabri et al, 2018;Groot, 2016;Vavričuk et al, 2018;Kosenkova et al, 2019). The definition of compatibility is considered as "the use of materials that do not bear negative consequences for historical materials" by many scientists (Vavričuk et al, 2018;Righetti et al, 2016;Lindqvist and Johansson, 2019;Kayan et al, 2016;Apostolopoulou et al, 2018).…”