Revisiting Goal-Oriented Models for Self-Aware Systems-of-Systems

Abstract

Systems-of-systems (SoS) are systems resulted from the interaction among other independent constituent systems that collaborate to offer new functionalities towards accomplishing global missions. Each of these constituent systems accomplishes its individual missions and is able to contribute to the achievement of the global missions of the SoS, both being viewed as a set of associated goals. In the perspective of self-aware systems, SoS need to exhibit goal-awareness, i.e., they need to be aware of their own goals and of how their constituent systems contribute to their accomplishment. In this paper, we revisit goal-oriented concepts aiming at identifying and modeling goals at both SoS level and the constituent systems level. Moreover, we take advantage of such goaloriented models to express the relationship among goals at these levels as well as to define how each constituent system can contribute to the accomplishment of global goals of an SoS. In addition, we shed light on important issues related to goal modeling in self-aware SoS to be addressed in future research.

Self-Adaptation Driven by SysML and Goal Models -- A Literature Review

“…The management of uncertainty and adaptation (which is concerned with whether the information being monitored is reliable enough to justify adaptation decision, and with what adaptation will help satisfy goals the best), has attracted the highest number of studies (14), with four different methods. However, the architecture selection and modeling objective (which is important at design time to find suitable trade-offs between various non-functional goals such as performance, cost, and reliability of systems and adaptations) is targeted by a more varied set of methods (6). These two important objectives are followed by formal validation and verification (to ensure safety, liveness, security, and other such properties), and P R E V I E W traceability (to manage change effectively and to ensure coverage during quality assurance).…”

“…Many SCPSs should ideally be able to adapt to changing conditions in order to reach an optimal symbiosis with users (and other stakeholders) and their contexts [2]. Examples include existing systems such as air traffic control systems, and emerging ones such as smart homes/cities [4], human-oriented services exploiting the Internet of Things (IoT) [5], adaptive Systems of Systems (SoS) [6], and Industry 4.0 [7].…”

Architectural Stability Reasoning using Self-Awareness Principles: Case of Self-Adaptive Cloud Architectures

“…Self-explanation focused mainly on explaining the self-adaptive behaviour of the running system, in terms of satisfaction of its requirements, so that developers can understand the observed adaptation behaviour and garner confidence to its stakeholders. Authors in [91] have theoretically revisited goal-oriented models for self-aware systemsof-systems. Goal models were also introduced as runtime entities in adaptive systems [92] and context-aware systems [93].…”

A Reference Architecture and Modelling Principles for Architectural Stability based on Self-Awareness: Case of Cloud Architectures

“…Self-explanation focused mainly on explaining the self-adaptive behaviour of the running system, in terms of satisfaction of its requirements, so that developers can understand the observed adaptation behaviour and garner con dence to its stakeholders. Authors in [27] have theoretically revisited goal-oriented models for self-aware systems-of-systems. Goal models were also introduced as runtime entities in adaptive systems [45] and context-aware systems [96].…”