Revisiting the Indonesian prefixes peN-, pe2- and per-

Denistia, Karlina

doi:10.26499/li.v36i2.80

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The files can be accessed from https://wortschatz.unileipzig.de/en/downloa d/Indonesian#ind_mixed_2013. This corpora has been widely utilized by fellow researchers on various Indonesian morphology issues, which elicits importance of Leipzig Corpora Collection (henceforth LCC) within the academia (see more Choi, 2019;Denistia, 2019;Denistia & Baayen, 2019;Rajeg et al, 2019Rajeg et al, , 2020Rajeg & Rajeg, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Addition of Indonesian Prefixes meN- and di- to English Bases: A Corpus-based Study

2021

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This paper serves as an initial identification of the addition of Indonesian inflectional prefixes meN- and di- to English bases of any word class through a corpus-based study. With the prevalence of English influence in Indonesian native speakers’ linguistic repertoire, particularly within the scientific and computational domain, there emerges a tendency to resort to the original terms in English than those of the Indonesian equivalences. This phenomenon, addressed as leksikalisasi timpang or unequal lexicalization, refers to the use of words in source language to make up for the lack of corresponding lexicalization in target language. This leads to a linguistic innovation to ‘localize’ English words by adding Indonesian inflectional prefixes such as meN- and di-. Out of 1 million sentence size Web corpus obtained from The Leipzig Corpora Collection, this paper is able to yield approximately 489 (0,21%) combinations of meN- + English bases with 2,813 (0,018%) word tokens and 475 (0,20%) combinations of di- + English bases with 2,377 (0,015%) word tokens. Six allomorphs of meN- are also attested, namely meng-, men-, mem-, me-, menge-, and meny-, with meng-, men-, and mem- as the most used allomorphs by word frequency and type. This investigation backs up the hypothesis that the process of word assimilation leads to nasal sound changes. This paper also observes that there are 13 most used typographic forms shared between the combinations of meN- and di- + English bases, and 7 other forms on a very low frequency. The words observed in this paper’s database are then grouped into three semantic clusters based on their use in context: computer-related (CR), non-computer-related (NCR), and both (NCR/CR), where computer-related words are observed to dominate the database. The findings indicate that this linguistic creativity is the outcome of how familiar Indonesians are with English terms than the official equivalences, especially towards technology and computational vocabulary.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Addition of Indonesian Prefixes meN- and di- to English Bases: A Corpus-based Study

2021

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“…The overlapping issue on these two prefixes is not yet well addressed until now. What makes it more difficult to distinguish PEand PEN-is because there has not been a consensus whether these formations are derived from one or two prefixes (Denistia, 2018). What might be the reason of this inconclusive finding of PE-and PEN-is due to a few numbers of observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Databases on the Indonesian Prefixes PE- and PEN-

Denistia¹

2023

j.lang.lit.

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This paper provides the theoretical grounding in constituting databases related to PE- and PEN-, two Indonesian nominalizing prefixes, which have various meanings (e.g., patient, agent, or instrument). The first database contains the words with PE- and PEN- whereas the second database provides the cosine similarity between two words of interest. Using a written Indonesian corpus as the primary source (Leipzig Corpora Collection), the databases contain the following information: PE- or PEN- prefixes, allomorph of PEN-, base word, semantics role, morphological variation, cosine similarity, as well as the word frequency. Furthermore, this paper elaborates the theoretical consideration on how each information was cultivated. In building the databases, Indonesian morphological parser and Word to Vector were used to analyze the Indonesian morphological status and to put the words in the corpus into a vector. In addition, manual verification for the data against the Indonesian comprehensive dictionary was also conducted. In the end, the databases are available for free so that the data could be used as materials for a corpus-based analysis on Indonesian morphology. This research shed light to a careful and thorough classification of the open-access databases of PE- and PEN- from their allomorphs, base word, semantics role, and morphological variation. The information provided in this article is hoped to be contributive in Indonesian morphology specifically, and other linguistics fields (e.g., corpus linguistics and quantitative linguistics) in general.

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“…The two Indonesian prefixes that are the subject of this study likewise raise the question of whether these prefixes are allomorphs, given their phonological similarity, or separate prefixes. As pointed out by Denistia (2018), Indonesian linguists mainly have described the two morphs as independent prefixes (Ramlan 2009;Sneddon et al 2010), but there are also studies that take them to be allomorphs (Darwowidjojo 1983;Kridalaksana 2008). Since these two prefixes are similar in form, but not phonologically conditioned, and since they are similar, but not identical in meaning, the classical criteria for allomorphy are only approximately satisfied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Indonesian prefixes PE- and PEN-: A study in productivity and allomorphy

Denistia

Baayen

2019

Morphology

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This study examines two nominalizing prefixes in Indonesian: PE-and PEN-, which derive nouns from verbs with a range of meanings similar to that found in-er suffix in English. The prefix PE-is form-invariant, whereas PEN-has several nasal allomorphs. Given their similarity in form and function, the question arises of whether PE-and PEN-are allomorphs. We conducted a corpus-based analysis of their productivity, using the written Indonesian corpus in the Leipzig Corpora Collection. In this corpus, PENis apparently more productive than PE-. Interestingly, the frequency of words with PEN-correlates significantly with the productivity of the corresponding base verbs. In addition, PENis more integrated into the verbal system; verbs that have PEN-are part of larger verb families. PEN-attaches almost exclusively to verbs and creates nouns denoting agents and instruments. By contrast, PE-creates nouns denoting agents and patients and attaches not only to verbs but also to nouns and adjectives. For derived words with PE-, there is no significant correlation between the frequency of the nominalization and the frequency of its base. PE-also does not participate in the linearity of the productivity of the allomorphs of base and derived words that characterizes PEN-. Words with PE-are also more often input to further reduplication and inflectional variants than is the case for PEN-. This corpus-based research thus illustrates that affixes can have different qualitative and quantitative properties, although at first blush they look like allomorphs. Our analyses justify their treatment in the Indonesian literature as separate prefixes.

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Revisiting the Indonesian prefixes peN-, pe2- and per-

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

The Addition of Indonesian Prefixes meN- and di- to English Bases: A Corpus-based Study

The Addition of Indonesian Prefixes meN- and di- to English Bases: A Corpus-based Study

Databases on the Indonesian Prefixes PE- and PEN-

The Indonesian prefixes PE- and PEN-: A study in productivity and allomorphy

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