Revisiting the overlap between autistic and schizotypal traits in the non-clinical population using meta-analysis and network analysis

Zhou, Haijin; Yang, Han‐Xue; Gong, Jingbo; Cheung, Eric F.C.; Gooding, Diane C.; Park, Sohee; Chan, Raymond C.K.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.050

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The observed relationship between high schizotypy and greater mOFC/vmPFC thickness shares neuroanatomical similarities to other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (Cohen's d = 0.15, p FDR = 0.0001 [89]) and 22q deletion syndrome (Cohen's d = 0.61, p FDR < 0.0001 [69]). Such convergence aligns with observations of increased phenotypic expression of schizotypy in ASD [90,91] and 22q deletion syndrome [92]. Together, these findings support the notion that high schizotypy may describe a predisposing trait of genetically and clinically overlapping phenotypes with SZ spectrum disorders and ASD [16,93,94].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Cortical and Subcortical Neuroanatomical Signatures of Schizotypy in 2,952 Individuals Assessed in a Worldwide ENIGMA Study

Kirschner

Hodzic-Santor

Antoniades

et al. 2021

Biological Psychiatry

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Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been reported along a continuum from at-risk stages, including high schizotypy, to early and chronic psychosis. However, a comprehensive neuroanatomical mapping of schizotypy remains to be established. The authors conducted the first large-scale meta-analyses of cortical and subcortical morphometric patterns of schizotypy in healthy individuals, and compared these patterns with neuroanatomical abnormalities observed in major psychiatric disorders. The sample comprised 3004 unmedicated healthy individuals (12-68 years, 46.5% male) from 29 cohorts of the worldwide ENIGMA Schizotypy working group. Cortical and subcortical effect size maps with schizotypy scores were generated using standardized methods. Pattern similarities were assessed between the schizotypy-related cortical and subcortical maps and effect size maps from comparisons of schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD) patients with controls. Thicker right medial orbitofrontal/ ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mOFC/vmPFC) was associated with higher schizotypy scores (r = 0.067, p FDR = 0.02). The cortical thickness profile in schizotypy was positively correlated with cortical abnormalities in SZ (r = 0.285, p spin = 0.024), but not BD (r = 0.166, p spin = 0.205) or MDD (r = −0.274, p spin = 0.073). The schizotypy-related subcortical volume pattern was negatively correlated with subcortical abnormalities in SZ (rho = −0.690, p spin = 0.006), BD (rho = −0.672, p spin = 0.009), and MDD (rho = −0.692, p spin = 0.004). Comprehensive mapping of schizotypy-related brain morphometry in the general population revealed a significant relationship between higher schizotypy and thicker mOFC/vmPFC, in the absence of confounding effects due to antipsychotic medication or disease chronicity. The cortical pattern similarity between schizotypy and schizophrenia yields new insights into a dimensional neurobiological continuity across the extended psychosis phenotype.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Cortical and Subcortical Neuroanatomical Signatures of Schizotypy in 2,952 Individuals Assessed in a Worldwide ENIGMA Study

Kirschner

Hodzic-Santor

Antoniades

et al. 2021

Biological Psychiatry

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show abstract

“…The observed relationship between high schizotypy and greater mOFC/vmPFC thickness shares neuroanatomical similarities to other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (Cohen’s d=0.15, p FDR =.0001 [89]) and 22q deletion syndrome (Cohen’s d=0.61, p FDR <.0001 [69]). Such convergence aligns with observations of increased phenotypic expression of schizotypy in ASD [90, 91] and 22q deletion syndrome [92]. Together, these findings support the notion that high schizotypy may describe a predisposing trait of genetically and clinically overlapping phenotypes with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and ASD [16, 93, 94].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Cortical and Subcortical Neuroanatomical Signatures of Schizotypy in 3,004 Individuals Assessed in a Worldwide ENIGMA Study

Kirschner

Hodzic-Santor

Antoniades

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been reported along a continuum from at-risk stages, including high schizotypy, to early and chronic psychosis. However, a comprehensive neuroanatomical mapping of schizotypy remains to be established. The authors conducted the first large-scale meta-analyses of cortical and subcortical morphometric patterns of schizotypy in healthy individuals, and compared these patterns with neuroanatomical abnormalities observed in major psychiatric disorders. The sample comprised 3,004 unmedicated healthy individuals (12-68 years, 46.5% male) from 29 cohorts of the worldwide ENIGMA Schizotypy working group. Cortical and subcortical effect size maps with schizotypy scores were generated using standardized methods. Pattern similarities were assessed between the schizotypy-related cortical and subcortical maps and effect size maps from comparisons of schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD) patients with controls. Thicker right medial orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mOFC/vmPFC) was associated with higher schizotypy scores (r=.07, pFDR=.02). The cortical thickness profile in schizotypy was positively correlated with cortical abnormalities in SZ (r=.33, pspin=.01), but not BD (r=.19, pspin=.16) or MDD (r=-.22, pspin=.10). The schizotypy-related subcortical volume pattern was negatively correlated with subcortical abnormalities in SZ (rho=-.65, pspin=.01), BD (rho=-.63, pspin=.01), and MDD (rho=-.69, pspin=.004). Comprehensive mapping of schizotypy-related brain morphometry in the general population revealed a significant relationship between higher schizotypy and thicker mOFC/vmPFC, in the absence of confounding effects due to antipsychotic medication or disease chronicity. The cortical pattern similarity between schizotypy and schizophrenia yields new insights into a dimensional neurobiological continuity across the extended psychosis phenotype.

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“…The trait scores were standardized before calculating the interaction term. We chose the cognitive‐perceptual dimension of the SPQ instead of the total score because there is significant overlap between the interpersonal dimension of the SPQ and autistic traits [Zhou et al, 2019]. Nevertheless, we also repeated the regression analysis using the SPQ total score.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there is a lack of previous work investigating individuals with high autistic and schizotypal traits using the same multisensory paradigm. Given the significant positive correlations between autistic and schizotypal traits in nonclinical populations [Zhou et al, 2019], it would also be interesting to explore how co‐occurring autistic and schizotypal traits affect multisensory temporal processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Audiovisual Temporal Binding Window in Individuals With Schizotypal and Autistic Traits: Evidence From Resting‐State Functional Connectivity

et al. 2020

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Temporal proximity is an important clue for multisensory integration. Previous evidence indicates that individuals with autism and schizophrenia are more likely to integrate multisensory inputs over a longer temporal binding window (TBW). However, whether such deficits in audiovisual temporal integration extend to subclinical populations with high schizotypal and autistic traits are unclear. Using audiovisual simultaneity judgment (SJ) tasks for nonspeech and speech stimuli, our results suggested that the width of the audiovisual TBW was not significantly correlated with self‐reported schizotypal and autistic traits in a group of young adults. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting‐state activity was also acquired to explore the neural correlates underlying inter‐individual variability of TBW width. Across the entire sample, stronger resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the left superior temporal cortex and the left precuneus, and weaker rsFC between the left cerebellum and the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex were correlated with a narrower TBW for speech stimuli. Meanwhile, stronger rsFC between the left anterior superior temporal gyrus and the right inferior temporal gyrus was correlated with a wider audiovisual TBW for non‐speech stimuli. The TBW‐related rsFC was not affected by levels of subclinical traits. In conclusion, this study indicates that audiovisual temporal processing may not be affected by autistic and schizotypal traits and rsFC between brain regions responding to multisensory information and timing may account for the inter‐individual difference in TBW width. Lay summary Individuals with ASD and schizophrenia are more likely to perceive asynchronous auditory and visual events as occurring simultaneously even if they are well separated in time. We investigated whether similar difficulties in audiovisual temporal processing were present in subclinical populations with high autistic and schizotypal traits. We found that the ability to detect audiovisual asynchrony was not affected by different levels of autistic and schizotypal traits. We also found that connectivity of some brain regions engaging in multisensory and timing tasks might explain an individual's tendency to bind multisensory information within a wide or narrow time window. Autism Res 2021, 14: 668–680. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC

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Revisiting the overlap between autistic and schizotypal traits in the non-clinical population using meta-analysis and network analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 92 publications

Cortical and Subcortical Neuroanatomical Signatures of Schizotypy in 2,952 Individuals Assessed in a Worldwide ENIGMA Study

Cortical and Subcortical Neuroanatomical Signatures of Schizotypy in 2,952 Individuals Assessed in a Worldwide ENIGMA Study

Cortical and Subcortical Neuroanatomical Signatures of Schizotypy in 3,004 Individuals Assessed in a Worldwide ENIGMA Study

Neural Correlates of Audiovisual Temporal Binding Window in Individuals With Schizotypal and Autistic Traits: Evidence From Resting‐State Functional Connectivity

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