Revitalization of the Waterfront Park Based on Industrial Heritage Using Post-Occupancy Evaluation—A Case Study of Shanghai (China)

Abstract

With the rapid development of urban construction, the waterfront industrial heritage park has played an active role in shaping the city’s image, regional economic development and environmental improvement, and the continuation of the city’s waterfront history. The waterfront park based on industrial heritage using post-occupancy evaluation will help improve the sustainable management, maintenance, and design level of the project in the future. However, there is insufficient research on the waterfront industrial heritage park using post-occupancy evaluation. This paper takes Shanghai Houtan Park and Xuhui Binjiang Park, the representative industrial heritage parks in China, as the research objects. Through field investigation and nearly 200 questionnaires and interviews regarding user behavior, the importance of design elements (place characteristics, natural environmental characteristics, usability characteristics, and administrative characteristics) and the correlation of satisfaction help us to understand the use of the two parks and analyze and organize the survey data, carrying out the analysis of the questionnaire results using frequency analysis, IPA analysis, t-test, variance analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The research results include: (1) Both parks are mainly used by people in their twenties and forties, and the trail received the highest utilization rate as the main facility, while the visitor center in charge of guiding functions had the lowest utilization rate. (2) While Houtan Park received high satisfaction with natural environmental characteristics, it was found that Xu Hui Binjiang Park had relatively high satisfaction with the place and usability characteristics. (3) The natural environmental characteristics of Houtan Park have a positive impact on overall satisfaction and return visit satisfaction. Site characteristics and utilization characteristics of Xuhui Binjiang Industrial Park have a positive impact on overall satisfaction, while usability characteristics have a positive impact on return visit satisfaction. Finally, according to the questions and suggestions raised by users, an optimization strategy is proposed for the renewal of the park, and it is hoped that it can provide suggestions for the reconstruction and design of similar Chinese waterfront industrial heritage parks.

The Usage and Constraints of Urban River Corridor from a Socio-ecological Perspective: a Systematic Review

“…Female users tended to spend less time engaging with urban river corridors (Xie et al, 2023). Two studies from China demonstrated that the proportion of females in the spatial distribution of users is slightly higher than males (Wu et al, 2019b;Zhang et al, 2022b). However, another study conducted in the Riverside area of Barcelona, Spain, came to the opposite conclusion, suggesting that men outnumbered women.…”

“…The majority of these studies consistently reported that walking is the predominant mode of transportation for individuals accessing urban river corridors (Gong et al, 2019;Ouyang & Wu,2023;Xie et al, 2023;Zhang et al, 2022;Zhao et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2022). Other modes of transportation were found, including public transportation, private vehicles, sightseeing buses, and multi-bikes (Liu et al, 2023;Othman et al, 2021;Völker & Kistemann,2013;Zhang et al, 2022b). A study investigating the preferences and attitudes of citizens towards urban riversides revealed that individuals residing farther from the river corridors primarily relied on private vehicles, which may raise concerns regarding traffic connectivity and parking availability (Wang et al, 2020).…”

“…An equal number of studies examine personal motivation as a variable (n=29, 49%). Individuals visit urban riversides primarily for physical exercise, recreation and leisure, including activities such as walking or jogging, cycling, swimming, dancing, skateboarding, rowing, dragon boat racing, water marathons, dog walking, picnicking, dining, photography, social gatherings, commuting, chess, and camping (e.g., Chen & Ma, 2023;Gargiulo et al, 2020;Guo et al, 2022;Gong et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2023;Meng et al 2020;Vierikko & Yli-Pelkonen, 2019;wade et al, 2023;Wu et al, 2019a;Yu et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022b;Zingraff-Hamed et al, 2022). Furthermore, two studies also discussed the motivation for restoration (Gargiulo et al, 2020;Jakstis et al, 2023).…”

“…Moreover, 19 studies (32%) specifically examined the duration of visitor stays. The majority of these studies indicated that visitors spend approximately one hour on urban river corridors (Garrett et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2023;Luo et al, 2022;Mansournia et al, 2021;Rakonjac et al, 2022;Vierikko & Yli-Pelkonen, 2019;Wang et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2022b). Some individuals seeking proximity to the water may invest several hours sitting along the riverbank, observing the water flow (Völker & Kistemann, 2013).…”

Landscape Aesthetic Value of Waterfront Green Space Based on Space–Psychology–Behavior Dimension: A Case Study along Qiantang River (Hangzhou Section)

“…However, at this stage, sometimes the landscape effect of urban waterfront green space varies, and the green space with excellent landscape aesthetic value fails to serve the needs of most citizens. This leads to the uneven distribution of public social resources [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], the simple pursuit of modernization and standardization of waterfront landscape [ 15 , 16 ], and the intensification of contradictions between different types of land use in waterfront areas [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. These phenomena are not conducive to China’s development of green ecological civilization construction ideas or China’s common prosperity concept.…”