Revolutionizing Patient Care: A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Anesthesia

Abstract

This review explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and anesthesia, examining its transformative impact on patient care across various phases. Beginning with a historical overview of anesthesia, we highlight the critical role of technological advancements in ensuring optimal patient outcomes. The emergence of AI in healthcare sets the stage for a comprehensive analysis of its applications in anesthesia. In the preoperative phase, AI facilitates personalized risk assessments and decision support, optimizing anesthesia planning and drug dosage predictions. Moving to the intraoperative phase, we delve into AI's role in monitoring and control through sophisticated anesthesia monitoring and closed-loop systems. Additionally, we discuss the integration of robotics and AI-guided procedures, revolutionizing surgical assistance. Transitioning to the postoperative phase, we explore AI-driven postoperative monitoring, predictive analysis for complications, and the integration of AI into rehabilitation programs and long-term follow-up. These new applications redefine patient recovery, emphasizing personalized care and proactive interventions. However, the integration of AI in anesthesia poses challenges and ethical considerations. Data security, interpretability, and bias in AI algorithms demand scrutiny. Moreover, the evolving patient-doctor relationship in an AI-driven care landscape requires a delicate balance between efficiency and human touch. Looking forward, we discuss the future directions of AI in anesthesia, anticipating advances in technology and AI algorithms. The integration of AI into routine clinical practice and its potential impact on anesthesia education and training are explored, emphasizing the need for collaboration, education, and ethical guidelines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of AI applications in anesthesia, offering insights into the present landscape, challenges, and future directions. The synthesis of historical perspectives, current applications, and future possibilities underscores the transformative potential of AI in revolutionizing patient care within the dynamic field of anesthesia.

Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Perioperative Medicine

“…The review by Singam [2] is an excellent summary of the current use of AI in perioperative medicine. In this paper, the author has achieved the objective of providing a complete overview of its applications from preoperative risk assessment to the postoperative phase.…”

“…What is now certain is that we cannot ignore the existence of AI. As described in the papers by Singam and Feinstein, AI is beginning to be seen as an extension and an enhancement of human capabilities [2,4]. In this context, it is impossible not to turn our gaze toward the transhumanist theories.…”

Transformative Landscape of Anesthesia Education: Simulation, AI Integration, and Learner-Centric Reforms: A Narrative Review

“…In other words, by summarizing electronic medical record information such as preoperative tests, AI may offer optimal recommendations for anesthesia management. When an anesthesiologist is planning a patient's treatment, AI can provide the latest clinical guidelines and medical literature, supporting decisionmaking by suggesting anesthesia techniques and raising awareness of contraindicated medications [18].…”

Revitalizing Postoperative Pain Management in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery via Inter-departmental Collaboration Toward Precision Medicine: A Narrative Review

“…While precision medicine, with its initial focus on individual genomic information, has been primarily associated with cancer treatment, it also holds promise in addressing pain sensitivity, including postoperative pain. Recent advancements in identifying genetic polymorphisms linked to pain suggest that, in the future, assessing pain sensitivity through preoperative tests might be feasible [40,41].…”