Reward Sensitivity (Behavioral Activation System), Cognitive, and Metacognitive Control in Gambling Behavior: Evidences From Behavioral, Feedback-Related Negativity, and P300 Effect

Balconi, Michela; Finocchiaro, Roberta; Canavesio, Ylenia

doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.14070165

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In the feedback evaluation stage, losses evoked a larger FRN than wins in the high group, but the opposite result was found in the low group. The results for the high group in the present study were consistent with previous studies [ 26 , 29 , 40 , 41 ], which revealed that the FRN was more sensitive to loss. According to Cui et al, the FRN reflects the process of learning from feedback [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…According to Cui et al, the FRN reflects the process of learning from feedback [ 26 ]. Balconi argued that the FRN marks the subject’s ability to correctly match the expected outcome with the external and real outcomes [ 40 ]. Hajcak et al also claimed that the FRN reflects the early appraisal of feedback based on binary classification of good versus bad outcomes [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conceptual Knowledge Influences Decision Making Differently in Individuals with High or Low Cognitive Flexibility: An ERP Study

Dong

2016

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveStudies using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) have distinguished between good and bad decision makers and have provided an explanation for deficits in decision making. Previous studies have demonstrated a link between Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance and IGT performance, but the results were not consistent and failed to explain why WCST performance can predict IGT performance. The present study aimed to demonstrate that WCST performance can predict IGT performance and to identify the cognitive component of the WCST that affects IGT performance using event-related potentials (ERPs).MethodsIn this study, 39 healthy subjects (5 subjects were excluded) were divided into a high group and a low group based on their global score on the WCST. A single-choice version of the IGT was used to eliminate the impact of retrieval strategies on the choice evaluation process and interference due to uncorrelated decks. Differences in the underlying neural mechanisms and explicit knowledge between the two groups during the three stages of the decision-making process were described.ResultsBased on the information processing perspective, we divided the decision-making process into three stages: choice evaluation, response selection, and feedback processing. The behavioral results showed that the highly cognitively flexible participants performed better on the IGT and acquired more knowledge of the task. The ERP results showed that during the choice evaluation stage, the P300 recorded from central and parietal regions when a bad deck appeared was larger in the high group participants than in the low group participants. During the response selection stage, the effect of choice type was significant only in the frontal region in the high group, with a larger effect for passing. During the feedback evaluation stage, a larger FRN was evoked for a loss than for a win in the high group, whereas the FRN effect was absent in the low group.ConclusionCompared with the participants with low cognitive flexibility, the participants with high cognitive flexibility performed better on the IGT, acquired more knowledge of the task, and displayed more obvious somatic markers. The low group participants showed reduced working memory abilities during the choice evaluation stage. The appropriate somatic markers reflected by the DPN is formed only when conceptual knowledge is gained in the response selection stage. The absence of an FRN effect in the subjects who performed poorly on the WCST suggests a significant deficit in feedback learning and reward prediction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Knowledge Influences Decision Making Differently in Individuals with High or Low Cognitive Flexibility: An ERP Study

Dong

2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Another study categorized participants into two groups: favorable (participants who showed a pattern of advantageous deck selection) and undecided (participants who did not show a pattern of advantageous deck selection), and reported the favorable group to show smaller P3 amplitudes for gain outcomes, whilst P3 gain/loss differences were not identified in the undecided group (Giustiniani et al, 2015 ). Two studies found larger P3 amplitudes in response to feedback of larger magnitude gains and losses compared to smaller magnitude outcomes (Cui et al, 2013 ; Balconi et al, 2015 ). One study reported larger amplitudes for losses than gains when there was an 80% probability for a gain outcome and did not find any significant P3 amplitude differences for gains and losses with a 20% probability of a gain outcome (Fielding et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-Related Potentials in Relation to Risk-Taking: A Systematic Review

Chandrakumar

Feuerriegel

Bode

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used to investigate neural mechanisms underlying risk-related decisions over the last 16 years. We aimed to systematically evaluate associations between risk-taking and ERP components elicited during decisions and following feedback. A total of 79 articles identified from PsychINFO and PubMed databases met the inclusion criteria. Selected articles assessed early ERP components (feedback-related negativity/FRN, error-related negativity/ERN, and medial frontal negativity/MFN) and the mid-latency P3 component, all using gambling paradigms that involved selecting between choices of varying risk (e.g., Iowa Gambling Task, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, and two-choice gambling tasks). The P3 component was consistently enhanced to the selection of risky options and when positive feedback (as compared to negative feedback) was provided. Also consistently, the early negative components were found to be larger following feedback indicating monetary losses as compared to gains. In the majority of studies reviewed here, risk was conceptualized in the context of simple economical decisions in gambling tasks. As such, this narrow concept of risk might not capture the diversity of risky decisions made in other areas of everyday experience, for example, social, health, and recreational risk-related decisions. It therefore remains to be seen whether the risk-sensitivity of the ERP components reviewed here generalizes to other domains of life.

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“…Gambling Task called Outcome-Representation Learning predicts that poor decision making of drug users could be due to higher reward sensitivity and more exploratory behaviour (in cannabis users), lower punishment sensitivity (in abstinent heroin users) and higher inflexibility perseverance (in abstinent amphetamine users) [48]. The expression of the same key features between PDMs of genetically distinct strains of rats and, to a certain extent, to results found in humans [49,50] suggests a strong conservation of this potential endophenotype within and between species.…”

Section: Behavioural Performance Of Pdms and Gdms From Da And Wh Strainsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inter-individual and inter-strain differences in cognitive and social abilities of Dark Agouti and Wistar Han rats

Alonso

Peeva

Ramos-Prats

et al. 2020

Behavioural Brain Research

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Background: Healthy animals showing extreme behaviours spontaneously that resemble human psychiatric symptoms are relevant models to study the natural psychobiological processes of maladapted behaviours. Healthy poor decision makers (PDMs) identified using a Rat Gambling Task, co-express a combination of cognitive and reward-based characteristics similar to symptoms observed in human patients with impulse-control disorders. The main goals of this study were to 1) confirm the existence of PDMs and their unique behavioural phenotypes in the Dark Agouti (DA) and Wistar Han (WH), 2) to extend the behavioural profile of the PDMs to probability-based decision-making and social behaviours and 3) to discuss how the key traits of each strain could be relevant for biomedical research. Methods: We compared cognitive abilities, natural behaviours and physiological responses in DA and WH rats using several tests. We analysed the results at the strain and the individual level. Results: Previous findings in WH rats were reproduced and could be generalized to DA. Each PDM of either strain displayed a similar, naturally occurring, combination of behavioural traits, including possibly higher social rank, but no deficits in probability-based decisionmaking. A Random forest analysis revealed interesting discriminating traits between WH and DA. Conclusion: The reproducibility and conservation of the socio-cognitive and behavioural phenotypes of GDM (good decision maker) and PDM individuals in the two genetically different strains of WH and DA support a good translational validity of these phenotypes. Both DA and WH rat strains present large phenotypic variations in behaviour pertinent for the study of the underlying mechanisms of poor decision making and associated disorders.

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Reward Sensitivity (Behavioral Activation System), Cognitive, and Metacognitive Control in Gambling Behavior: Evidences From Behavioral, Feedback-Related Negativity, and P300 Effect

Cited by 21 publications

References 50 publications

Conceptual Knowledge Influences Decision Making Differently in Individuals with High or Low Cognitive Flexibility: An ERP Study

Conceptual Knowledge Influences Decision Making Differently in Individuals with High or Low Cognitive Flexibility: An ERP Study

Event-Related Potentials in Relation to Risk-Taking: A Systematic Review

Inter-individual and inter-strain differences in cognitive and social abilities of Dark Agouti and Wistar Han rats

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