Rhenium and molybdenum enrichments in sediments as indicators of oxic, suboxic and sulfidic conditions of deposition

Crusius, John; Calvert, S. E.; Pedersen, Thomas F.; Saldaña, David

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(96)00204-x

Cited by 783 publications

(498 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similar to Mo, Cr, and U, a significant difference exists in Re accumulation rates beneath anoxic water columns and those under weakly oxygenated bottom waters (Colodner et al, 1993;Crusius et al, 1996;Morford and Emerson, 1999;Morford et al, 2005). To be consistent with previous studies on trace element redox modeling, we define the suboxic setting as areas where the O 2 penetration depth below the sediment-water interface is <1 cm (Partin et al, 2013;Reinhard et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Suboxic Sinkmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Rhenium removal from an anoxic water column is likely dominated by abiotic redox reactions rather than biological uptake. In anoxic conditions, Re is reduced from the soluble heptavalent (VII) to the insoluble tetravalent (IV) state (Colodner et al, 1993;Crusius et al, 1996;Morford and Emerson, 1999;Morford et al, 2005). Scavenging of Re 4+ by organic matter is suggested by the direct association of Re with organic matter in fine-grained sediments and their lithified equivalents (ORM) (Selby and Creaser, 2003;Georgiev et al, 2012).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behaving largely conservatively in oxygenated seawater, trace metals such as Mo, Cr, Re, and U are removed to anoxic sediments at higher rates compared with oxygenated sediments, with removal rates dependent on the specific chemistry of the water column and underlying sediment pore fluids (e.g., Morford and Emerson, 1999;Tribovillard et al, 2006). Chromium, U, and Re become authigenically enriched in sediments overlain by an anoxic water column (at both high and low levels of dissolved H 2 S) and, to a lesser extent, in anoxic sediments overlain by mildly oxygenated bottom waters (Crusius et al, 1996;Morford and Emerson, 1999;Morford et al, 2005;Partin et al, 2013;Reinhard et al, 2013a). By contrast, high authigenic Mo enrichments in sediments require the accumulation of dissolved H 2 S in the water column.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, high authigenic Mo enrichments in sediments require the accumulation of dissolved H 2 S in the water column. Anoxic sediments beneath mildly oxygenated bottom waters display mild Mo enrichments if dissolved H 2 S is present in sediment pore fluids at shallow depths below the sediment-water interface (Crusius et al, 1996;Morford and Emerson, 1999;Morford et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhenium (Re) behaves conservatively in oxygenated seawater and, unlike Mo, can be efficiently removed to anoxic sediments at low dissolved H 2 S levels when the bottom waters are weakly oxygenated or anoxic, thus making it a more effective proxy for tracking general ocean anoxia (i.e., combined euxinic and ferruginous anoxia) (Colodner et al, 1993;Crusius et al, 1996;Morford and Emerson, 1999;Morford et al, 2005Morford et al, , 2012. Although Cr and U behave similarly in this regard (Partin et al, 2013;Reinhard et al, 2013a), the magnitude of authigenic Re enrichment in anoxic marine sediments is significantly higher than the detrital background compared with Cr and U, as reflected by higher Re enrichment factors in organic-rich sediments expressed relative to average upper crust (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model for the oceanic mass balance of rhenium and implications for the extent of Proterozoic ocean anoxia

Sheen

Kendall

Reinhard

et al. 2018

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Emerging geochemical evidence suggests that the atmosphere-ocean system underwent a significant decrease in O 2 content following the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), leading to a mid-Proterozoic ocean (ca. 2.0-0.8 Ga) with oxygenated surface waters and predominantly anoxic deep waters. The extent of mid-Proterozoic seafloor anoxia has been recently estimated using mass-balance models based on molybdenum (Mo), uranium (U), and chromium (Cr) enrichments in organic-rich mudrocks (ORM). Here, we use a temporal compilation of concentrations for the redox-sensitive trace metal rhenium (Re) in ORM to provide an independent constraint on the global extent of mid-Proterozoic ocean anoxia and as a tool for more generally exploring how the marine geochemical cycle of Re has changed through time. The compilation reveals that mid-Proterozoic ORM are dominated by low Re concentrations that overall are only mildly higher than those of Archean ORM and significantly lower than many ORM deposited during the ca. 2.22-2.06 Ga Lomagundi Event and during the Phanerozoic Eon. These temporal trends are consistent with a decrease in the oceanic Re inventory in response to an expansion of anoxia after an interval of increased oxygenation during the Lomagundi Event. Mass-balance modeling of the marine Re geochemical cycle indicates that the mid-Proterozoic ORM with low Re enrichments are consistent with extensive seafloor anoxia. Beyond this agreement, these new data bring added value because Re, like the other metals, responds generally to lowoxygen conditions but has its own distinct sensitivity to the varying environmental controls. Thus, we can broaden our capacity to infer nuanced spatiotemporal patterns in ancient redox landscapes. For example, despite the still small number of data, some mid-Proterozoic ORM units have higher Re enrichments that may reflect a larger oceanic Re inventory during transient episodes of ocean oxygenation. An improved understanding of the modern oceanic Re cycle and a higher temporal resolution for the Re compilation will enable further tests of these hypotheses regarding changes in the surficial Re geochemical cycle in response to variations in atmosphere-ocean oxygenation. Nevertheless, the existing Re compilation and model results are in agreement with previous Cr, Mo, and U evidence for pervasively anoxic and ferruginous conditions in mid-Proterozoic oceans.

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Section: Suboxic Sinkmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model for the oceanic mass balance of rhenium and implications for the extent of Proterozoic ocean anoxia

Sheen

Kendall

Reinhard

et al. 2018

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Rhenium: Radionuclides

Tagami¹,

Uchida²

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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The occurrence, chemistry, and speciation of rhenium (Re) in environmental components such as soil and water, as well as rhenium separation and analytical characterization techniques in the environment, are summarized. Rhenium has two isotopes: one is stable 185 Re and the other is radioactive 187 Re, which has a very long half‐life of 4.35 × 10 10 years. The decay system, 187 Re– 187 Os has been used for dating rocks and meteorites. Artificially made radioisotopes with short half‐lives, such as 186 Re and 188 Re have been used in radiopharmaceuticals. Because of similarities in chemistry, rhenium has been used as a chemical analog of technetium.

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Deep‐sea coral record of human impact on watershed quality in the Mississippi River Basin

Prouty

Roark

Koenig

et al. 2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Rhenium and molybdenum enrichments in sediments as indicators of oxic, suboxic and sulfidic conditions of deposition

Cited by 783 publications

References 26 publications

A model for the oceanic mass balance of rhenium and implications for the extent of Proterozoic ocean anoxia

A model for the oceanic mass balance of rhenium and implications for the extent of Proterozoic ocean anoxia

Rhenium: Radionuclides

Deep‐sea coral record of human impact on watershed quality in the Mississippi River Basin

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