Rheologically interesting polysaccharides from yeasts

Abstract

We have examined the relationships between primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of polysaccharides exhibiting the rheological property of friction (drag) reduction in turbulent flows. We found an example of an exopolysaccharide from the yeast Cryptococcus laurentii that possessed high molecular weight but exhibited lower than expected drag reducing activity. Earlier correlations by Hoyt showing that beta 1 --> 3, beta 2 --> 4, and alpha 1 --> 3 linkages in polysaccharides favored drag reduction were expanded to include correlations to secondary structure. The effect of sidechains in a series of gellan gums was shown to be related to sidechain length and position. Disruption of secondary structure in drag reducing polysaccharides reduced drag reducing activity for some but not all exopolysaccharides. The polymer from C. laurentii was shown to be more stable than xanthan gum and other exopolysaccharides under the most vigorous of denaturing conditions. We also showed a direct relationship between extensional viscosity measurements and the drag reducing coefficient for four exopolysaccharides.

Synthesis and Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide by Antarctic Yeast Strain Cryptococcus laurentii AL100

“…Fungal producers have yielded the polysaccharides pullulan, scleroglucan, lentinan, whose properties are interesting for medical applications. The polysaccharides mannans, glucomannans, glucans, galactomannans, and phosphomannans have been produced by yeast belonging to the following genera: Candida [14,15], Rhodotorula [16,17], Sporobolomyces [8,18,19], and Cryptococcus [20,21].…”

Production and chemical characterization of an exopolysaccharide synthesized by psychrophilic yeast strain Sporobolomyces salmonicolor AL1 isolated from Livingston Island, Antarctica

“…Yeasts belonging to Candida, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Hansenula and Sporobolomyces genera produce EPS such as mannan, glucomannan, glucan, galactomannan and phosphomannan (Adami and Cavazzoni 1990;Chiura et al 1982a,b;Elinov et al 1992;Parolis et al 1996;Pavlova et al 2009;Peterson et al 1989;Vorotynskaya et al 1992). The EPS produced by yeast are more easily separated from the culture broth than those produced by bacteria; therefore they are more attractive for a large-scale production (Peterson et al 1989).…”

“…The EPS produced by yeast are more easily separated from the culture broth than those produced by bacteria; therefore they are more attractive for a large-scale production (Peterson et al 1989).…”

Physico-chemical characterization of exomannan from Rhodotorula acheniorum MC

“…Yeast belonging to the different Cryptococcus, Hansenula, Rhodotorula, Lipomyces, Bullera, Sporobolomyces genera can synthesize exopolysaccharides. The polymer types reported for yeast producers include mannans, glucans, glucomannans, galactomannans and phosphomannans (Elinov et al 1979(Elinov et al , 1992Chiura et al 1982aChiura et al , 1982bHeald & Kristiansen 1985;Peterson et al 1989Peterson et al , 1990Vitovskaya et al 1989;Adami & Cavazzoni 1990;Vorotynskaya et al 1992). The authors of this paper have not come across any reports in the literature concerning the investigation of the yeast Rhodotorula acheniorum in terms of exopolysaccharide production.…”